Scientific Horizons

17-24

Authors: Valeriy Adamchuk, Oleg Dovbnenko, Yuriy Danik, Oleh Skydan

Bringing to safe health standards and maintaining the basic parameters of the air (microclimate) in the premises for various purposes within the established limits with a high level of efficiency, pro-vides an opportunity to solve the problem of national importance – public health and the necessary environmental characteristics. The purpose of the study is to develop technology and foundations for the construction of universal systems of automated high-quality air purification in rooms for various purposes. Methods of analysis, synthesis, mathematical modelling, and engineering calculations were used in the research process. The technology, composition, and structure of universal systems for au-tomated cleaning and maintenance of the required indoor air quality, which provides automatic control of air parameters, have been developed. The composition and features of software and hardware are substantiated, the method of engineering calculation, structure of air purification system is developed and its technical parameters are defined. The synergetic effects in the implementation of air purification, which are achieved through a comprehensive, consistent with the procedures and pro-cesses of sequential parallel processing of injected and filtered air, have been investigated and proved. Developed technology and systems provide the ability to purify large volumes of air at high speed and quality in rooms with different levels of mechanical contamination, microflora, other harmful impurities, including microorganisms, allergens, dangerous viruses that cause infections with pathogens diseases characterised by mass and high rate of spread, such as COVID-19. For the first time, the problem of creation of energy-efficient high power systems of complex air purification for industrial premises of large sizes, which are 2.5-4 times more effective on all basic indicators in com-parison with the best analogues has been solved

33-39

Authors: Hanna Kotsiubenko, Aleksandr Pirotskyi, Anastasiia Udod, Olga Salamatina, Ruslan Trybrat

The nutritional value and organoleptic evaluation of rabbit showed that the meat of rabbits raised on the eco-farm and in the modular rabbit house did not differ from each other and had the best nutritional and biochemical qualities, indicating the prospects of using modular farms to produce high quality products. A high percentage of fresh meat yield was found – 53.6 and 53.9% in rabbits raised in the module and on the eco-farm. Rabbit carcasses from the module had more fat by 1.1% and slightly enlarged kidneys due to the peculiarity of the equipment. Changes in the chemical composition – a slight increase in moisture and fat content (by 0.2%) in the meat, which was obtained by raising in the modular rabbit house compared to the meat of rabbits raised on the eco-farm – were founded. At the same time there was 0.3% less protein and 0.1% less sol. In general, the difference in chemical composition was insignificant, which indicated the identity of the analyzed samples. The organoleptic characteristics of rabbit meat in the carcass at slaughter and after heat treatment were studied. Muscle consistency was dense, elastic, when pressed the formed hole was quickly leveled; fat was dense. The aroma was specific for fresh meat. All samples taken from sampling of “Hy-plus” hybrid rabbits raised in the modular rabbit house and those raised on the eco-farm had the highest scores. The studied samples by organoleptic evaluation did not differ from each other and corresponded to high quality rabbit. Carcasses of hybrids in the experimental groups had a high content of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and the lowest content of cholesterol (0.04 g/100 g). The difference between the amino acid composition of meat and the lipid composition of fat in the study groups was insignificant

54-62

Authors: Vadzim Nosnikau, Ivan Kimeichuk, Siarhei Rabko, Oleksandr Kaidyk, Vasyl Khryk

The article analyses the features of growth and development of seedlings of Scots pine and European spruce on substrates in which various materials were used to neutralise them, affecting the reaction of the environment. According to the research results, the highest germination of seeds of both woody species was established on substrates with a ratio of dolomite flour of 30% and chalk of 70%, while in the case of using pure chalk, seed germination was significantly lower. Scots pine seeds germination in the substrate ranged from 77.6% to 90.1%, and European spruce seeds – from 66.4% to 94.3%. During the cultivation of seedlings of Scots pine and European spruce container seedlings, differences in the content of mobile forms of phosphorus are noted in all variants of the experiment. However, no definite pattern was found depending on the share of participation of various types of lime material. In the substrate of seedlings of Scots pine at the end of the growing season, the content of nitrate nitrogen naturally increases from 1069.1 to 1323.6 mg/100 g of absolutely dry substrate with a decrease in the proportion of dolomite and an increase in the proportion of chalk in the lime neutralising material. Another pattern is manifested when growing seedlings of European spruce container seedlings: the lowest content of nitrate nitrogen (412.1 mg/100 g of absolutely dry substrate) is established in the case of mixing dolomite flour and chalk in equal proportions (option 3). Differences in the content of mobile forms of iron were revealed in all experimental versions of the substrate of both woody species. For the cultivation of Scots pine, its amount ranges from 16.67 to 28.81 mg/100 g of absolutely dry substrate, and European spruce – from 18.40 to 20.99 mg/100 g of absolutely dry substrate. In general, low content of mobile iron was observed in the substrate of growing pine and spruce seedlings in containers. In all experimental variants, the height of seedlings of Scots pine container seedlings exceeds the required average height of the aboveground part in accordance with national standard by 1.3-2.0 times, and for seedlings of European spruce the excess was 1.2-1.5 times. In seedlings of Scots pine and European spruce, according to the variants of the experiment, the average height of the aboveground part rises with an increase in the concentration of dolomite in the mixture of neutralising material from 50% and higher

72-89

Authors: Igor Vinichenko, Serhii Tkachenko, Oleksandr Sereda, Yurii Prus, Nataliia Pochernina

The article considers the institutionalization of land relations and the imperatives of efficient use of land and resource potential of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine. Within the institutionalization of land relations, the methodical approach to complex estimation of effective use of land and resource potential of agricultural enterprises is substantiated, by definition of an integral indicator of efficiency (quantitative and qualitative characteristics of involved resources, productivity and efficiency) of basic kinds of activity of economic entities on agricultural lands. Indicators of transparency in the assessment of land and resource potential and indicators of land policy according to the level of their use in agriculture are proposed. Comprehensive criteria for assessing the components of the efficiency of the use of land and resource potential of agricultural enterprises are presented. The amount of rent for land shares and the amount of fertilizer application per 1 ha of sown area of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine are analyzed. The productive capacity of natural and potential yields for grain and legumes (excluding corn for grain) in Ukraine has been determined. The normative monetary value of 1 ha of arable land in rural areas is calculated on average for one region of Ukraine, adjusted for the natural yield of cereals and legumes, without taking into account the application of fertilizers. The forecast level of technical, social and economic efficiency of the use of land and resource potential of agricultural enterprises is presented

97-106

Authors: Ludmila Lobotska, Olexander Pavlov, Serhii Didukh, Viktoriia Samofatova, Olha Frum

The article examines the current state of the bread and bakery market in Ukraine on the basis of the exponential smoothing method. An important aspect of the analysis of the bakery industry state is the issue of pricing for the number one product in Ukraine – bread and bakery products. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of bread prices in the regional context, to identify trends and factors influencing them and to propose models on the basis of which it is advisable to make operational forecasts of bread prices. The study was performed on the basis of monitoring data of average consumer prices for wheat bread from first grade flour by months of 2017 and 2018 in the selected regions, Kyiv and Ukraine as a whole. The choice of areas is done due to their territorial location, and the choice of bread type – due to steady popularity among consumers. The dynamics of product prices, in particular in the regional aspect, was analyzed. The example of wheat bread made from first grade flour shows significant differences in the price level for these products by regions. Trends in price changes and their dependence on such factors as the price of flour, the price of gasoline A-95, wages have been identified. The expediency of using for the estimation of bread prices of models based on series of dynamics by exponential smoothing is shown. High accuracy of the received models is confirmed. The proposed approach in this study can be used by industry to construct models of product price forecasting as a benchmark for making management decisions about the real price. Performing these calculations online on a computer will provide businesses with particular advantages over their competitors, as well as the ability to plan their economic performance at the desired level