Proceedings on Engineering Sciences

6

Authors: Valery Lesnykh, Michail Lukyanchikov, Tatiana Timofeeva

Energy systems are key elements of critically important infrastructures, as they provide the required quality of life for the population, as well as create the necessary conditions for the reliable functioning of various branches of the economy. One of the priorities is to ensure the safe functioning of such systems, and in recent years, considerable attention has been paid to proactive safety methods. Within the framework of these methods, the main efforts are aimed at early identification of violations and deviations in the operation or maintenance of the facility. The building and use of the safety pyramid is one of the areas of implementation of a proactive approach. The paper presents the analysis of statistical data on incidents and detected violations at Russian energy facilities. The analysis made it possible to build the corresponding safety pyramids, as well as to identify that the ratio between the levels of the pyramid significantly depends on the specific type of facility. The possibility of using the safety pyramid to assess expected prevented damage in case of elimination of detected violations is also shown. Examples of assessing the value of prevented damage for energy facilities are given.

8

Authors: Yury Polukarov, Nataliia Prakhovnik, Oleksiy Polukarov, Liudmyla Mitiuk, Hlib Demchuk

The issue of ensuring the safety of life is becoming more and more urgent. Society is beginning to understand that the further development of mankind and technological progress require that everyone has the highest level of knowledge and culture in this field. The purpose of the presented research is to study the safety of life and to consider the safety of life in the household and social spheres. The methodological basis of the research is based on a combination of various general scientific methods of scientific cognition. This study used methods of information analysis and synthesis, the comparative method, and the method of induction and deduction. At the final stage of the study, the method of analysing scientific literature relevant to the subject of the study was used. Life safety (LS) can be characterised as a science that studies hazards and ways to protect against them. It is an integral part of the system of state, social and defense measures taken to protect the population and economy of the country from the consequences of accidents, disasters, natural disasters and weapons of destruction of the enemy. In the course of the study, it was determined that social practice indicates that a person violates the rules of safe behavior for several reasons. First of all, this is explainedc by ignorance of the object of influence, the rules of safe behavior and ways of their application, the discrepancy between the physical and mental capabilities of a person to the requirements of public practice. The practical value of the presented research lies in the fact that it can be used by both theorists and practitioners in the process of studying the safety of human life in the household and social spheres.

8

Authors: Muhammad Isradi, Joewono Prasetijo, Yudi Dwi Prasetyo, Nurani Hartatik, Andri Irfan Rifai

Uncertainty about the remaining service life of the pavement occurs in developing countries even though the structure is designed with the planned life. As a result, there is damage to the network and the structure and function of the road. Uncertainty in volume, traffic growth that exceeds the plan, and limited funds have a very strong influence on the shape of the road. This study aimed to determine the condition of the road surface and road service functions to find out the service life of the pavement and the relationship between the Present Serviceability Index value and the International Roughness Index on the flexible pavement. Secondary data collection such as IRI and traffic volume is used for modeling and reviewing road service functions. The results show that the remaining road life will end in year 8, a 2-year decrease from the 10-year plan. The relationship between PSI and IRI plans has an R2 value of 0.9981, while the actual condition has an R2 of 0.9976.

8

Authors: Sandesh B Solepatil, Narendra Deore

Engineering applications are judged in today's fast-paced and intensely competitive industry based on exact and accurate results. Deflection of beams in compliant mechanisms is used to meet the growing needs for precision motion. Compliant mechanisms are referred to as a type of mechanism that is based on the mobility and rigidity of a component, allowing for increased precision without necessarily reducing its accuracy. Motion is achieved via molecular deformation combined with beam bending in the elastic zone. Compliant mechanisms are utilized in modern techniques for precision scanning, such as micro-nano processing microscopes and biological scanners. Major failures of compliant mechanisms are caused by repetitive in-plane and out-of-plane movement of compliant beams. This work presents an experimental and numerical analysis of a compliant mechanism utilized in biomedical scanners for linear motion in the XY direction. This study paper delves into the performance analysis of compliant mechanisms for various beam constraint positions and materials. The elastic deformation of the beam within the elastic zone of the material is totally responsible for the range of the motion and movement of the compliant mechanism in the XY direction. The maximum range of motion, stress, and stiffness values of XY Mechanism are used to determine the performance of a compliant mechanism. For various beam combinations, the compliant mechanism is examined.

8

Authors: Haitam Ettazi, Najat Rafalia, Jaafar Abouchabaka

Vision and eye health are one of the most crucial things in human life, it needs to be preserved to maintain the life of the individuals. Eye diseases such as CNV, DRUSEN, AMD, and DME are mainly caused due to the damages of the retina, and since the retina is damaged and discovered at late stages, there is almost no chance to reverse vision and cure it, which means that the patient will lose the power of vision partially and maybe entirely. Optical Coherence Tomography is an advanced scanning device that can perform non-invasive cross-sectional imaging of internal structures in biological tissues by measuring their optical reflections. This will help the ophthalmologists to take a clear look on the back of the eye and determine at early stages the damage caused to the retina, macula, and optic nerve. The aim of this study is to propose a novel classification model based on deep learning and transfer learning to automatically classify the different retinal diseases using retinal images obtained from Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) device. We propose a deep CNN architecture and compared the obtained results with pre-trained models such as Inception V3 and VGG-16, our proposed CNN architecture gave an accuracy of 98.96% and Inception V3 model gave accuracy up to 99.27% on the test set.

10

Authors: Sharifullah Ahmed Peng

The Residual settlement of granular subsoil of different strength underlying Road Embankment overlain by stronger soil layer is studied. A parametric study is conducted considering variable heights of embankment and variable ESAL factors (vehicle equivalence factor). The residual settlement (Sr) is stated as sum of elastic settlements of granular subsoil due to axle induced stress and self-weight of pavement layers. Values Sr for various heights of road embankment (He) are obtained and delivered as a set of design charts for different values of SPT and ESAL factor. In case of rigid pavement tolerable limit of the residual settlement is 0.1m. In case of flexible pavement in bridge or culvert approach and general sections except bridge or culvert approach, tolerable limit of the residual settlement considered as 0.2m and 0.3m successfully. A comprehensive guideline is developed for design of Road Embankment underlain by Granular subsoil underlying a stronger soil strata to satisfy the tolerable limit of the residual settlement. In this research study the range of both of ESAL factor and SPT value (N60) is 1-10. Through parametric study, this is observed that, no ground improvement is necessary when the thickness of overlying stronger soil strata (d) is minimum 0.45m thick in case of flexible pavement in general road section if ESAL factor≤8 and He≥1.5m. For flexible pavement in bridge or culvert approach d≥1.0m required to avoid ground improvement if ESAL factor≤8 and He≥1.5m. For rigid pavement d≥2.0m required to avoid ground improvement. A guideline is prepared including tables and charts to find out minimum allowable height of road embankment to keep the residual settlement within mentioned tolerable limit. Allowable minimum height of the embankment including pavement layers (He,0.1 , He,0.2 or He,0.3) are obtained corresponding to tolerable safe level of the residual settlement of granular subsoil for different values of N60, d and ESAL factor. The developed guideline is intended to be used in identification of the requirement of ground improvement in case of Granular subsoil underlying Road Embankment overlain by stronger soil strata to ensure tolerable level of the residual settlement. The ground improvement is only to be necessary when the residual settlement of subsoil is more than tolerable level or in other word if He is less than He,0.1, He,0.2 or He,0.3.

12

Authors: Zohid A. Hakimov, Asilbek Medatov, Viktor Kotetunov, Yuriy Kravtsov, Alisher Abdullaev

Due to the intensive use of the Internet, network security is becoming a key foundation for all web applications. Intrusion detection by analysing records in network processes is an important way to solve problems in the field of network security. It has been identified that an intrusion can threaten not only the integrity of the data but also the system itself. With the development of information technology and an increase in data transfer speeds, there are threats of incorrect use of the Internet. The authors determine that more reliable control systems are needed that solve the problem of network protection without human intervention. In a number of sources, attention is focused on the possibility of autonomous detection of the vulnerability of programmes and protocols by analysing the criteria for the behaviour of the system itself. Many models are built on informal methods, such as signature ones, in which it is difficult to obtain a correct assessment of effectiveness and completeness. The authors start from the fact that the attack is characterised by states and transitions. The possibility of using neural networks has been tested. A distinctive feature of a neural network is that they start working only after the learning process. This is one of the main advantages of a neural network over conventional algorithms. The paper shows that the development of information storages is possible provided that an equilibrium state is reached when the system does not allow expanding the attack space and the information storage is available for both external access and remote disconnection. The learning model consists of arrays of data with a distributed storage environment. This is the main component of improving the performance of the intrusion detection system. The experimental results obtained showed that the proposed approach identifies anomalies more effectively than known methods. The paper is devoted to the development of a method for detecting attacks based on information about the behaviour of deviating values in the network.

12

Authors: Ahmed Awad Rawdhan Rawdhan, Narentheren Kaliappen

The aim of this paper was to review the impact of strategic management accounting (SMA) on improving the efficiency of manufacturing firms. SCOPUS, EBSCO and WoS databases were searched for relevant literature, and 21 papers were finally selected for a review. The results found that the relationship between SMA and performance of manufacturing firms is influenced by many contingency factors. The decision to adopt and use SMA is the first step to improving performance. Then, there is a need to determine what types of SMA techniques to be used. This is dependent on what strategy the company wants to pursue. Having decided to use it, the firm goes through the four processes of SMA adoption leading to performance. This research has implications for manufacturing firms looking to adopt SMA to improve their performance.

14

Authors: Bhavna Pancholi, Pramod Modi, Nehal Chitaliya

Healthcare scientists determined how MRI images have indeed been highly beneficial in latest times in the investigation of the recognition and early identification of a brain disease. The main primary stages in analyzing the brain MRI pictures are image pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. Among the crucial processes that can evaluate how well brain MRI scans can be classified and ultimately the condition it will indicate is feature extraction and segmentation. In this paper stage wise methods are described. In the first stage (pre-processing stage) different filters; like; median, weiner, anistropic, non local means as well as combined filters used. In the pre-processing part, combined weiner and anistropic filter gives the best result. In the second stage (segmentation stage), multi-thresholding technique – cuckoo search algorithm used using different objective functions; like; ostu, kapur entropy, tsallis entropy and proposed. In the proposed method of the segmentation stage used cuckoo search algorithm using combined ostu and tsallis entopy as an objective function. In the third stage (feature extraction), discrete wavelet transform used and in the fourth stage (classification) support vector machine used. In each stage results are compared using different parameters and we got best output using proposed method.