Cybersecurity: Education, Science, Technique

19-31

Authors: Oleksandr Kurbatov, Pavlo Kravchenko, Nikolay Poluyanenko, Oleksiy Shapoval, Tetiana Kuznetsova

This article describes an approach to identification and certification in a decentralized environment. The protocol defines the way to integrate blockchain technology and web-of-trust concepts to create a decentralized public key infrastructure with easy user ID management. The essence of the scheme is to differentiate the entire infrastructure into 2 levels: the level of certification authorities (service providers) that jointly keep track of events related to user certificates; and the level of end users, systems and applications. During creating, updating, and revoking certificates, higher-level members reach a consensus on the confirmation of transactions associated with them, which ensures a higher level of validity of the certificates and synchronization of their status between certification centers. In turn, lower-level members do not need to perform complex verification procedures for a corresponding certificate: unlike the classic X.509 architecture and web-of-trust approach, the maximum number of checks in a chain can be two. An important feature of such a system is its ability to refuse certification centers: in the case of failure and / or compromise of the keys of one certification center, other network members continue to work seamlessly with others, and blockchain technology may make it impossible to add a certificate to a center whose keys have been compromised, because all the events in the system are connected by cryptographic methods. In particular, such a system can be used on the Internet of Things. Each individual sensor must communicate properly with other components of the system as a whole. In order to enable the secure interaction of these components, they must exchange encrypted messages to verify their integrity and authenticity, the provisioning scheme of which is in the described scheme.

46-56

Authors: Svitlana Kuznichenko, Iryna Buchynska

The article discusses the issues of improving the adequacy and validity of the results of the convolution of criteria evaluation into a generalized evaluation when conducting a multi-criteria analysis of the land suitability by choosing the appropriate type of aggregation operator that can be performed in the GIS environment and has the properties that allow the most complete formalization of expert knowledge about the features of this applied area. Based on the analysis of the causes of the fuzziness of information in multicriteria decision-making models, the properties that the aggregation operator must have are formulated. A comparative analysis of various aggregation operators for the construction of complex maps of the suitability of territories is carried out. The features of the execution of aggregation operators are investigated: minimum, maximum, arithmetic mean, weighted sum, OWA Yager operator. It is shown that the most justified choice is to use the OWA Yager operator with fuzzy quantifiers, which allows you to provide expert information on the acceptable form of a compromise between evalutions by individual criteria. The use a family of the RIM quantifiers to formalize the attitude of DM to risk in making decisions is proposed. An example of the use of the OWA Yager operator with fuzzy quantifiers for calculating the convolution of criteria evalutions is given. It is shown that the Yager OWA operator with fuzzy quantifiers is a universal aggregation operator, since it has the ability to implement a wide range of decision-making strategies: from minimum operator to maximum operator.

71-81

Authors: Oleksii Barybin, Elina Zaitseva, Volodymyr Brazhnyi

In the paper analysis of current trends in IoT technologies enabled us to identify a segment for which information security assurance may encounter a lack of its level. These are IoT devices based on ESP32 microcontroller, that designed and implemented at home by non-professionals. The physical model of a handmade IoT system that includes device for measuring temperature based on ESP32 (small-sized ESP32-based development board ESP32 devKit V2 produced by Espressif and digital temperature sensor DS18B20), WiFi home network (based on router TL-WR841N) and web interface (based on node-red-dashboard) was proposed and implemented upon laboratory scale. The initial conditions of the experiment included the following: the use of the UDP protocol, authentication and data encryption based on WPA2-PSK specification, attacker skill level sufficient for use Aircrack-ng tools, Airmon-ng, Airodump-ng, Aireplay-ng, Besside-ng, Wireshark. The result of the experiment based on this model to attempt to gain unauthorized access to the transmitted data was successful. Attack scenario was formulated and consist of four stages: 1 – gaining unauthorized access to a network (network card transfers to monitor mode (Airmon-ng), view available access points (Airodump-ng), handshake interception, guessing the password (Besside-ng); 2 – network traffic interception and analysis (Wireshark); 3 – creating fake ESP32 client using the captured data (Arduino) and connect it to the network; 4 – disconnecting original ESP32 from a server (Aircrack-ng). It is shown that the attacker, who has the basic knowledge and skills in working with common wireless network hacking tools and a basic knowledge of ESP32 and ESP32 programming skills can access the system and send fake information to the web interface. To reduce the probability of the proposed scenario it is recommended to use TCP protocol, which is in contrast to UDP ensures data integrity and sender notification of transmission results.

94-104

Authors: Banovsha Mekhdiyeva, Guluzade Rustam, Liliia Ivanova, Natalia Korshun, Pavlo Skladannyi

The article considers the problems of providing water, necessary for the needs of the population and the national economy on a global scale and for Azerbaijan in particular. One of the means for the accumulation and storage of water are artificial reservoirs formed, as a rule, in the river valley by water-supporting structures for the accumulation and storage of water for the purpose of its use in the national economy. The main parameters of reservoirs are considered in the article, such as: volume, area of the mirror and the amplitude of fluctuations in water levels in the conditions of their operation, as well as modes of their operation, which became the basis for constructing a mathematical model of the cascade reservoir, which reliably describes the hydrological processes that take place in the reservoirs. Monitoring the status of reservoirs will allow to plan activities, simulate the situation that may arise in other reservoirs that make up the cascade, and make forecasts. The article presents a data processing model in the MATLAB application development environment, which is one of the most popular software in the world. The model is based on the method of calculating differential indices based on multispectral data. Having a large number of additions to the main program in the form of toolboxes, or sets of specialized tools, makes it possible to apply MATLAB in a wide variety of areas of programming. The Mapping Toolbox is specifically designed to leverage MATLAB's richest geospatial capabilities. This article shows how to use Mapping Toolbox tools at all stages of working - from receiving and importing into the workspace of the program, processing and further outputting results in the form of files or finished electronic maps. The task of identifying and mapping the hydrological objects that make up the cascade of reservoirs on the largest waterway in Azerbaijan - the Kura River - was chosen as an example.

112-121

Authors: Yurii Borsukovskyi

Current article provides the trends of the hybrid threats landscape for 2020 and further. The key aspects of the implementation of hybrid threats and ways of counteracting them in cyberspace, which are closely related to the constant change of directions of cyber-attacks, improving their efficiency and speed of implementation, the use of artificial intelligence systems to ensure the security of information resources and the creation of adaptive systems of adversity to information and cyber threats , the use of machine learning techniques for a better understanding of the current state of threats, the application of artificial intelligence principles and responsive scenarios for predicting cyberattacks, developing customized action plans that rely on artificial intelligence systems to improve threat detection and response speed, utilize counterintelligence and counter-methods to respond quickly to any spyware before initiating active action, enhancing communication between law enforcement agencies to form a unified approach for interaction between law enforcement agencies at international and local levels, government organizations, the corporate sector and experts in the field of security. The article defines the necessity for development of experts validated strategies to protect against information and cyber-attacks by criminals. The article describes the object of protection with determination of purpose and basic functions of the system, group of tasks solved in the system, classification of users of the system, organizational structure of service personnel, structure and composition of a complex of software and hardware, types of information assets stored and processed in system, structure of information flows, characteristics of channels of interaction with other systems and entry points.

134-141

Authors: Anastasia Belova, Viktoria Onischenko

This study focuses on the problem of Internet of Things (IoT) security, namely: an overview of threats to the information security of a smart home and the analysis of existing security methods for its devices. The Internet of Things is experiencing an exponential growth in research and industry. At the same time, security threats to information programs and databases are increasing. As it is known, the foundation of Internet of Things security consists of four parts: communication security, device security, device monitoring and network interaction control. The sources of threats and vulnerabilities of IoT information security are accordingly investigated. Conventional security and privacy approaches are generally not applicable to IoT, mainly because of its decentralized topology and limited resources of most of its devices. The analysis of scientific sources has allowed us to explore different approaches to secure a smart home: an architectural method with three modules to protect the confidentiality of smart home data analysis; network-level constraint method; Blockchain technology. It is determined that the proposed blockchain smart home platform enables the security of information, taking into account the basic security goals - confidentiality, integrity and accessibility. Blockchain can be used to track sensor data measurements and prevent duplication of any other malicious data, for authentication and secure data transmission. This research will help design and develop new methods and technologies for smart home security.

16-30

Authors: Volodymyr Sokolov, Bohdan Vovkotrub, Yevhen Zotkin

The article presents the research and comparative analysis of the bandwidth of low-power wireless IoT devices as wireless switches. The following IoT devices were investigated: Raspberry Pi 3 Model B and Raspberry Pi Zero W. The DS18B20 and INA219 sensors investigated and analyzed the dependence of FTP multimedia data transmission speed on wireless Wi-Fi network on the temperature of the switch processor, temperature. The environment and the current and voltage consumed by the switch. Advantages of sensors with GPIO interface over analog meters for this experiment are revealed. Much of the work is devoted to the development of automation of results from GPIO interfaces, which helped eliminate human error and get more accurate metrics. Measurement automation was developed using Python 3.7 programming language. Using the INA219 library we were able to obtain current and voltage indicators from the ina219 board. To get temperature indicators sufficiently built into Python libraries to read temperature files in Raspbian. The article focuses on the synchronicity of measurement results records for more accurate analysis. Therefore, an FTP client was developed that measures the download speed of the file from the FTP server and records the results simultaneously with temperature, current and voltage measurements. To this end, attention is drawn to the multithreading in Python programming language and the transmission of commands using TCP sockets in that language. As a result, the dependence of the measured factors was calculated using the Pearson correlation formula. These measurement factors affect the autonomy and energy consumption, which is very important for IoT devices, and therefore, among the devices tested, recommendations were made regarding their choice when used depending on the conditions.

40-51

Authors: Alla Havrylova, Olha Korol, Stanyslav Milevskyi, Lala Bakirova

The subject of the research is a mathematical model of authentication of the transmitted message based on the McEliese scheme on shortened and elongated modified elliptic codes using the modified UMAC algorithm. The aim of this work is to develop such a scheme for the information exchange over Internet communication channels, which would ensure the proper level of verification and integrity of the transmitted information, taking into account the prevention of an increase in the costs of the actions taken. Tasks: analysis of existing ways to increase the resistance to hacking of transmitted messages over telecommunication networks; analysis of a message transfer scheme using blockchain technology; formalized description of a mathematical model for providing clear text authentication using a modified UMAC algorithm, as the formation of key data, a crypto-code construction (CCC) is used on the McEliese scheme on modified elliptic codes (MEС); development of data encryption and decryption algorithms using CCC based on McEliese on the MEC and UMAC algorithm. Аn approach was proposed to verify the authentication and verification of the information packet during transmission and reception via telecommunication channels, which allows using already known hashing methods to compare generated codegrams and transmitted messages for their correspondence, which increases the level of cryptographic stability of the transmitted data and the reliability of the received data. The developed schemes of algorithms for generating codеgrams and their decryption using the proposed approach make it possible to gradually demonstrate the implementation of procedures for generating codegrams and their hash codes using both shortening and lengthening the code. Further research should prove from a practical point of view the effectiveness of using this approach when transmitting a message regarding the preservation of its integrity and authenticity. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a test system that should implement the proposed approach, as well as evaluate the results obtained.

61-72

Authors: Yurii Borsukovskyi

Current article provides the analysis of recent trends in realization of cyber threats and collects the basic requirements for development of information security concept in hybrid threats conditions. It covers the key tendencies of realization at cyber space of principles of hybrid war. Envisages that preconditions for occurrence of such hybrid wars constitute the interest of governmental agencies in information that might be used by opposing parties in world`s competition and political battles, as well the possibility of effective monetization of harmful impact at information and automated systems of companies. The article defines the necessity in adaptive development of directions in application of preventive actions at information and cyber security. It underlines the absence, at most cases, of strategy to ensure security of the key information systems considering the existing risks. Article emphasize that the information security concept in hybrid threats conditions shall consider the possibility of complete compromising of systems of information and cyber security in case of targeted attack at information resources of structural units of state, banking and private organizations. It considers the model structure of information security concept in hybrid threats conditions to ensure the effectiveness of functioning of information and automated systems of information and cyber security in conditions of limited financing. It provides structure and content of the concept of information security in hybrid threats conditions. Article defines that the information security concept at hybrid threats conditions shall cover the main tasks and objectives, and the general strategy for development of IT and system for managing of information security within the company. It formulates the requirements and basic approaches to its implementation. The article defines that the possible way to optimize the financial resources assigned for IT systems and information and cyber security systems according to the risks defined, might be the use of the best world practices, as well the strict coordination of requirements to ensure the informatization and digital transformation from business and development of coordinated regulatory requirements to the certain businesses from information and cyber security perspective.

83-94

Authors: Anatolii Ilnitskiy, Oleg Burba

The procedures of comparative analysis using statistical criteria for evaluating the information content of radio sources of telecommunication networks and systems in their classification and recognition as a set of formalized rules for collecting, processing and analyzing the information obtained are considered. In the introduction, the general processes of recognition and classification of sources of radio emission of telecommunication networks are analyzed, the main statistical criteria for evaluating the information content of information features are given. It is noted that most of the mentioned criteria of recognition allow to carry out only ranking of signs and do not provide the solution of the problem of quantitative estimation of their informativeness by the criterion of minimum probability of error or maximum probability of true recognition. With this in mind, a research goal has been formed, which is to develop a procedure for comparative analysis using statistical criteria for evaluating the information content of radio sources of telecommunication networks and systems in their classification and recognition, as a set of formalized rules for collecting, processing and analyzing the information obtained. The study found that the exact value of the probability of error is difficult to obtain, since its estimation requires knowledge of decision thresholds. The integration in the calculation is only possible numerically. Therefore, in order to solve the recognition problem, it is advisable not to use the error probabilities, but their boundaries (upper and lower), which must be strict on the one hand and easily calculated analytically on the other. It should also be borne in mind that the probability of errors and their boundaries are uniquely related to the class distance (classes), which in turn must be clearly related to the probability of true recognition. Based on the analysis of analytical expressions of the statistical criteria for estimating interclass distances, recognition theory establishes mutual analytical relationships between the main criteria of interclass distances. It is substantiated and proposed to solve the problems of recognition by applying the Fali – Semmon transform, where the criterion of optimality is the maximum ratio of the mean differences of the projections of the vectors of the data of the classes to be recognized to the sum of the covariations in the middle of the classes in their projection to the parameter vector, resulting in a modified Fisher ratio. It is also determined that all the criteria considered are designed for a small number of recognition classes, whereas in practice the number of classes and their size is very large and their total number is unknown. Moreover, the recognition process is multi-parameter, which makes it difficult to solve the problems of classification and recognition of objects and sources of radio emission. To overcome this situation, it is proposed to use a criterion based on the coefficient of non-orthogonality of the conditional probability distributions of the probability of a trait, which can be considered as a variation of Bhattacharya distance for a large number of classes and their volume.

14-23

Authors: Ruslan Hryshchuk, Olga Hryshchuk

The problem of cyber security in the era of the creation of quantum computers is of particular relevance. Specifically, the data are at risk which are confidential or whose value depends on their integrity. In order to find a way out of the situation which happened in the article, a thorough comprehensive analysis of the current state of the known cryptosystems was carried out, based on a systematic approach. In particular, the advantages and disadvantages of models of cryptosystems which were created on the basis of cognitive cryptography are stated, the theory of dynamic chaos, constructive, quantum and post-quantum cryptography. The issue of cryptosystem models based on DNA algorithms is also raised, proxy cryptosystem models, attribute cryptosystems, packet and non-commutative cryptography. As a result of the research, it was found out that the greatest interest in terms of security today is integral cryptography. The lack of scientifically justified models of cryptosystems based on integrated cryptography has led to the development of one of these models. The model is developed on the basis of the proposed concept, which is based on the main principals of integral cryptography. As a result of the research, a generalized model of the cryptosystem was developed, which in the future is proposed to be called the cryptosystem of Fredholm. It is shown that the essence of the encryption and decryption procedures is reduced to solving the direct and inverse problem, which is described by the integral equation of Fredholm of the first-order. The article emphasizes in particular that compared to the known models of cryptosystems, the proposed model has a number of significant advantages. The first advantage is the guaranteed theoretical and practical cryptostability, which is due to the incorrectness of the inverse decryption problem. The second advantage of the proposed model is the absence of effective algorithms for cryptanalysis due to the lack of prevalence of integral cryptography in modern cyber security systems. The developed model serves the theoretical basis for the further development of appropriate cryptographic algorithms and research of their security parameters.

32-43

Authors: Mykhailo Tyhanskyi, Andrii Partyka, Rostyslaw Krysko

Using of traditional logic elements in digital electronics has ensured the development of a wide range of electronic devices for many years. In parallel, research and development of logical elements are carried out on the basis of other non-traditional physical phenomena or effects, in particular logic elements based on the phenomenon of superconductivity, the prospect of which is the use of very small energy consumption and ultrahigh performance. For superconducting logic elements, using various Josephson cryoelectronic structures, known as Josephson cryotrons, based on the stationary and non-stationary effects of Josephson. On the basis of the Josephson cryotrons, one can create Josephson elements of computer memory, and Josephson elements of digital logic. The main requirements for the Josephson cryotrons are a stable operating mode and high speed or short switching time. Information about the mode of operation and the speed give us the transition characteristics of the cryotrons - the time dependence of the voltage on the cryotron while changing its logical state, which can be obtained either experimentally, or theoretically. This work aims at a search for new ways of increasing the switching rate of digital logical operators by employing physical structures other than the traditional semiconductor-based schemes. We propose the principles of designing digital logical operators based on Josephson cryotrons, whose operation utilizes the stationary and dynamical Josephson effects, and describe the operational principles of the logical elements “AND” and “OR” bases on tunneling Josephson junctions “superconductor-insulator-superconductor”. Our proposed mathematical models for the commutation processes in such logical elements allowed us to calculate their transition characteristics during the switching and to determine the main parameters in such models. It was shown that the logical elements “AND” and “OR” can be implemented on individual cryotrons and that their logical state can be controlled by input signals in a form of current pulses. Such logical elements meet all the requirements for digital logical elements and have switching time of about 2-3 ps, which indicates their significantly increased switching rate

54-61

Authors: Andrii Bondarchuk, Zoreslava Brzhevska, Nadiia Dovzhenko, Anatoliy Makarenko, Valentin Sobchuk

Sensor networks are one of the most relevant and promising technologies for wide application in various spheres of human life. Relatively inexpensive components, namely, sensor nodes are combined into one network. Due to the use of a significant number of nodes, in addition to the overall impact on functionality, this also leads to a decrease in the reliability of the network. Wireless connectivity has a number of limitations when it comes to the direct connection to the public communications network or the next-generation networks with optical components. For example, the relatively small distance to send information between constituent components. It follows next idea -sooner or later there will be the denial of nodes, which will lead to the isolation of other sensors. To avoid this, or at least to ensure the network connectivity during a failover, more nodes on a separate site need to be used. Also, due to the presence of connectivity between touch nodes, there are a number of general features that should be taken into account when designing such a network and deploying it in real-world conditions. One of these tasks is to ensure the accuracy of packets of information’s transfer between the sensor nodes, as violations of its integrity, quality, reliability and safety can lead to serious consequences. Due to insignificant volumes of memory, sensor nodes are not able to capture data about all nodes, their physical addresses, metrics for the fastest transmission of information packets. In view of this, the number of requests for the same node may exceed the critical rate at a certain time. However, there may also be a situation where a node that has not been earlier tested can be connected to the network. In this case, the question of the authenticity of the data that will circulate in the network from a similar, hidden node to others is sharply raised. Therefore, it is necessary to study the existing and the introduction of new algorithms for the transmission of information in the presence of hidden nodes in wireless sensory networks at the present stage of development.

72-84

Authors: Mariya Nazarkevych, Yaroslav Voznyi, Oksana Troyan

Image filtering attempts to achieve greater resolution. There is a large number of filters that allows you to bring images with clear borders. In addition, noise is present when digitizing images. One of the most common types of filtering is the Gabor filter. It allows you to restore the image with the contour allocation at a certain frequency. Its core looks like elements of the Fourier basis, which is multiplied by Gaussian. The widespread use of Gabor filters for filtration is due to the fact that it gives a strong response at those points of the image where there is a component with local features of frequency in space and orientation. It is proposed to use the Ateb-Gabor filter, which greatly expands the well-known Gabor filter. The Ateb-Gabor filter combines all the properties of a harmonic function, which is multiplied by Gaussian. As a harmonic function, it is proposed to use the Ateb-functions that greatly extend the trigonometric effect. The developed filter is applied to the images. The Ateb-Gabor filter depends on the frequency and directions of the quasiperiodic structure of the image. Usually, to simplify the task, the average image frequency is calculated. It is unchanged at every point. Filtration of images is based on the generalized Ateb-Gabor filter. Influence of filtering parameters on images is investigated. The properties of periodic Ateb-functions are investigated. The value of the period from which the filtering results depend on is calculated. Ateb-Gabor filtering allowed for wider results than the classic Gabor filter. The one-dimensional Gabor filter based on the Ateb-functions gives the possibility to obtain more lenient or more convex forms of function at the maximum described in this study. In this way, filtration with a large spectrum of curves can be realized. This provides quick identification, since a more versatile kind of filtering has been developed.

90-103

Authors: Volodymyr Astapenya, Volodymyr Sokolov, Mahyar TajDini

The widespread use of wireless technologies leads to an ever-increasing number of users and permanently functioning devices. However, the growth of the number of wireless users in a limited space and a limited frequency range leads to an increase in their mutual influence, which ultimately affects the throughput of wireless channels and even the performance of the system as a whole. The article presents the statistics and tendencies of the distribution of wireless networks of the IEEE 802.11 standard systems, as well as analyzes the main problems that arise during the expansion of their use. Substantiation and choice of ways to overcome these difficulties largely depends on the objective control of radiation parameters of access points and subscriber funds in a particular environment. The review of the state control facilities provided by the developers of the equipment is presented, and author's variants of experimental measuring complexes are offered, allowing to control signal and information parameters of Wi-Fi systems. The experimental results obtained with the use of the indicated means, obtained using the accelerating metal-plate lens as an additional autonomous element for focusing the field, including for MIMO systems, the effect of the accelerating metal-plate lens on the spatial distribution of the field, on the spectral structure of the signal are presented. In addition, polarization effects were investigated. Possible ways to further increase the availability, integrity of information and energy efficiency of wireless access systems are discussed. The authors propose simpler and less costly options for increasing the direction of radiation on the basis of an accelerating metal-plate lens, experimentally tested, as well as the use of zone zoning on the path of the computer.

27-41

Authors: Mariya Nazarkevych, Yaroslav Voznyi

The method of protection of latent elements for the printed documents at the stage of preprint preparation with the further withdrawal of printing forms and prints is developed. The choice of the minimum thickness of lines for the offset printing method is substantiated. The measurements of the relative size of the raster point, optical light shrinkage when printed on different papers are studied using the Sheberstov-Murray-Davis formula. The study of the properties of fifteen paper models used for printing and their densitometric indices, which influence the quality of printing, are shown. The comparison of thin lines with offset printing and office equipment, which uses the method of printing an electrophotography, is carried out. Digital protective latent elements are developed. A graphical way of protecting printed documents is created by creating hidden images when choosing high resolution lines. The method of protection is that for the protective elements, the displacement of the part of the lines of the raster is formed by half the size of the step of the raster lines. Improved latent element protection by overlaying fractal nets, which makes it possible to create graphic traps. The printing of developed protective elements on paper models has been investigated. Protective items are printed on Heidelberg offset printing machine. From the prints there are made copies which, compared with the originals, using the method of pixel comparisons of the signal-to-noise ratio, the results of comparing the originals among themselves, the originals and their copies are presented in this paper. Experimental research was conducted on the basis of the Full Pixel Comparison (PSNR) method of the original of the protective element printed on the offset machine with the original, and the original with its copy. On the basis of researches the reliability of documents is established. Also compare the originals of documents among themselves.

53-62

Authors: Volodymyr Barannik, Tatyana Belikova, Maksim Kapko, Irina Gurzhiy

The article proposes a method of analysis of text messages for revealing their semantic orientation and suggestive influence on the subconscious of a person, in the conditions of information confrontation. The method is based on the evaluation of the phonetic component of the word, using phonosemantic analysis. And also structural, probabilistic assessment and evaluation according to place in the sentence, using probabilistic semantic analysis. The method of automatic phonosemantic analysis is described, the algorithm scheme and the concept of the method of automatic semantic analysis are proposed on the basis of the analysis of the structure of the word, with the scheme of the algorithm. A complex method of phonosemantic analysis is proposed based on the estimation of meaningful semantic units, which seeks to combine the two methods described above and demonstrates an example of an estimation of the random, predicted semantically negative sentence. To demonstrate the estimates, a comparison of the results of the proposed method with the results of the general phonosemantic evaluation of the sentence was made. Based on the results, conclusions are formed.

88-96

Authors: Zoreslava Brzhevska, Nadiia Dovzhenko, Roman Kyrychok, Galyna Gaidur, Andriy Anosov

This article is about the problems of vulnerability of the Ukrainian state in the conditions of information warfare. The main threats are described, among them: the destruction of a single information space of the state; manipulation of the public, lack of coordination of state authorities, weakness of education and education, illegal use of special means of influence on public consciousness, aggravation of international competition for ownership of information technologies and resources; activities of international terrorist organizations; insufficiency of regulatory legal framework regulating relations in the information sphere, as well as insufficient application of law. In the information warfare, there are three main goals: control of the information space and the protection of their information from hostile acts; use of control over the information space for carrying out informational attacks on the enemy; increasing the overall effectiveness of armed information functions. The components of information wars are considered and the priority directions of the state information policy and important steps from the authorities of Ukraine are described. Formation of public consciousness with the help of subjects of information warfare using methods of psychological influence becomes the most effective way of control and manipulation, both within the state and beyond its borders. It all depends on who actually determines the content. Thus, our attitude to problems and phenomena, even the very approach to what is considered a problem or phenomenon, is largely determined by those who control the world of communications

104-111

Authors: Vladyslav Yaskevych, Oleksandr Klochko

The article deals with the problem of ensuring the fault-tolerance of Internet services. It is becoming increasingly important due to the growth of the quantitative parameters of the functioning of information systems (users, servers, volumes of information in databases) and the level of complexity. Due to the heavy load on the servers on which the applications are deployed, there is a failure of hardware or software. The urgency of finding additional ways to ensure the fault tolerance, reliability and uninterrupted functioning of computer systems operating in real time, due to the increasing requirements for the security of running processes or objects, access to which is limited. Despite the use of existing methods for ensuring fault tolerance in cloud infrastructures, there is a problem of inconsistency between the actual availability of systems and the levels of "fault tolerance" (Fault Tolerance) and "High Availability" (High Availability) for critical and business critical web applications. Also, less attention is paid to methods of improving fault tolerance for highly loaded systems. Therefore, the search for new opportunities for scaling and load balancing when building cloud systems is of particular importance. To conduct a comparative analysis of load balancing algorithms, functional characteristics were proposed, according to which it is possible to make an informed choice of algorithms that most closely correspond to specific practical circumstances and the requirements of users and providers. The basic principles for implementing a resiliency strategy now include redundancy, diagnostics, reconfiguration, and recovery. As an additional indicator of failover control, it is proposed to apply the completeness of the booking of elements and components of the system, the completeness and reliability of the control, the probability of reserve recovery. The first two strategies assume that a system that correctly performs its functioning algorithm is safe. The safe behavior strategy for failures is used specifically for safe systems and consists in the transition of the system to a protective irreversible state in the event of a failure

122-133

Authors: Volodymyr Pikh, Mykhaylo Bestylnyy, Vasyl Sheketa

The existing methods of formation and coding of technological data at the grass-roots levels of distributed computerized systems for diagnosing technological objects in the oil and gas industry are analyzed. Methods of processing signals are analyzed. The mathematical model of multibase spectral cosine signal transformation, with the possibility of using different theorems of numerical bases, is considered. Correlation analysis of signals can be performed on the basis of different automobile and inter-correlation functions, but the highest speed and the smallest hardware complexity are characterized by functions in the theory of the Haar numerical basis. Where it is evident that in practice the widest use has been found in the form of information converters based on an analog digital converter of various types. The research of analog digital converters has been carried out on hardware complexity as well as on time complexity. The research was carried out on single-channel analogue digital converters with source codes, the theorem of the numerical basis of Haar, Krestinson, Rademacher and unitary basis. The paper deals with the development of digital correlators and transducers where among many structures of analog digital converters the most commonly used with source codes in different theorems of numerical bases and methods of formation of source codes are identified. The structure of the analog digital converter is proposed for the use of comparators with paraphase outputs and the implementation of a logical element that excludes OR on logical elements of I-NE with paraphase inputs and are connected by inverted outputs. Thus, the proposed improvement of the structure allows to increase its speed and reduce the time complexity of transformations by 2.5 -3 times. This reduces hardware complexity by about 30%. The method and structures of the transformation of the input analog signal by the multi-base ADA of Haar-Krestenson using the comparators with paraphase outputs in discrete digital samples for diagnostics of technological objects in the oil and gas industry and further calculation in computer technology are developed