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PHYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF Cissus multistriata EXTRACT ADMINISTERED TO Rattus novergicus
Authors: OMALE, James., DAIKWO, Moses Alilu and MUSA, Achimugu Dickson
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The leaves of cissus multistriata were collected, air-dried for two weeks and pulverized into powder; this was followed by extraction with either chloroform or water. The phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamin C, saponins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, lipids and vitamin E; whereas balsam, anthraquinone, tannins, alkaloids, cardenolides and phlobactannin were completely absent. The aqueous extract was administered to the experimental rats at doses of 100, 200, 800, 1600, 3200, and 6400 mg/kg body weight for three weeks. The control group were injected 5 ml physiological saline 3 times daily for 21 days. The test animals showed appreciable body weight increase when compared with the control group. The body weight increase was dose dependent. Analysis of the blood samples for enzymes activities, (indicators for the possible damage to the liver and kidney) showed that the leaf extract was slightly toxic to these organs. Measurement of enzymes activities revealed that lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, alanine and aspartate amino transferases activities were observed to have increased throughout with increase in dosage of the extract down the group. A part from the enzymes, other renal and hepatic profiles were monitored which included serum urea, creatinine, albumin and bilirubin. There was increase in the renal and hepatic profiles monitored and the increase was dose dependent. The result of this investigation indicated that prolonged use and at a high dosage of the extract could be deleterious to the liver and kidney.