International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science

6-8

Authors: Dr BALASUBRAMANI N1*, Dr T BALASUBRAMANIAM2, O BHOJARAJ3,

In spite of many favorable energy conserving and cost effective techniques for building construction launched by various research laboratories, the usage of such techniques in the construction field is minimal / hardly significant. This paper enunciates some of the practical difficulties faced by construction stake holders in the application of any newer and innovative techniques. To overcome those difficulties the possible remedial measures are also suggested in this paper. Keywords— Key words: Awareness, Proximity, Tax Benefits, Social Acceptance

18-23

Authors: V.Ragul1, Mujeer.N2, Saranya.R3, Nivitha Varnika.J.K4, Ajay Narendra.A.G5

It is imperative to comprehend the perspectives affecting oil based mud (OBM) rheology with a specific end goal to keep up a firm control over rheological properties of high temperature high pressure (HTHP) and high thickness oil based mud. This paper centers principally around the rheological properties of water-based boring liquid under high pressure and high temperature condition. This work centers around the outline, enhancement and plan of a HTHP water-based boring liquids as per the required determination, for example, rheological properties and liquid misfortune. To meet the previously mentioned boring liquid properties, the exploration was boundless to the utilization of dirt, polymers, and nanoparticles. Polymers give incredible rheological and liquid misfortune properties tooil base muds yet corrupt at high temperature. The test strategy utilized was by and large blending ofoil base mud with certain detailing and after that performing mud testing. The experimentation were led by "Suggested Practice on Standard Field Procedure for Testing Drilling Fluid" API RP 13B and "Prescribed Practice 13I Standard Field Procedure for Laboratory Testing Drilling Fluid" API 13I to meet the American Petroleum Institute (API) prerequisites and acquire dependable outcomes. The principle research facility tests associated with this task are mud arrangement, static rheology test, pH and HTHP static channel press. A bentonite mud and high temperature manufactured polymers have been effectively tried at 400-degree F with great rheological and filtration properties. The base mud definition comprises of the business synthetic concoctions given by ScomiOiltools, Malaysia. The base mud plan has a steady rheology and superb liquid misfortune properties at 400 F. A thin and impermeable channel cake has been acquired with least liquid misfortune at a temperature of 400 F. Specialists have effectively utilized nanoparticles for giving amazing rheology, warm strength and liquid misfortune control. Two nanoparticles to be specific, Polypeptide nanotubes (PNT) and Aluminum Oxide were tried on the base OBM framework to break down their impacts on HTHP rheology, liquid misfortune, and channel cake quality. An exceptionally positive outcome has been acquired utilizing Polypeptide nanotubes (PNT). The utilization of PNT in OBM expanded HTHP rheology by 14% and decreased liquid misfortune by 25%. Additionally, this exploration gives answers for the issues identified with HTHP OBM improvement like mud gelation, strong listing, and low-end rheology.

28-42

Authors: BONGOUA-DEVISME Affi Jeanne1*, BOLOU BI Bolou. Emile1, KASSIN Koffi Emmanuel.2, BALLAND BOLOU BI Clarisse3, GUEABLE Yao Kohou Donatien 1, ADIAFFI Bernard.4, YAO-KOUAME Albert1, DJAGOUA Eric M’moi Valère5

In Ivory Coast, the majority of uncontrolled dumpsites are open-air. The aim of this work is to study the lateral and vertical distribution of heavy metals or metalloids in soils surrounding the open dumpsite of M’Ploussoue Park in Bonoua, which has a wet tropical climate and located at upper topographical position. The physical and chemical parameters, such as the particle size, pH, exchangeable cations, CEC and contents of heavy metals, were studied using various analytical techniques. The vertical and lateral distribution of heavy metals or metalloids in soil samples collected from the M’Ploussoue dumpsite in Bonoua were found to be in the following order: Zn > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd > As > Cu > Se, regardless of the topographical position of the soil profile. Ours results indicate that there are high levels of heavy metals (Cr, Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni) that exceed the CCME permissible limits in agricultural and industrial soils in both the top soil layers and in soil located below the dumpsite, probably due to the migration and infiltration of dumpsite leachate. The vertical and lateral distributions of metals or metalloids at dumping sites can pose potential ecological risks if these elevated concentrations of metals migrate into soil, plants and groundwater, where they present a danger to humans. Thus, it appears to be necessary to apply proper remediation techniques.

51-59

Authors: Pavan Fuke

After the 1973 energy crisis the global energy scenario is change rapidly. Due to dissimilar availability of conventional energy sources across the region, continuous rise of its demand, rapidly increasing prices, environmental degradation. These all lead to quick transition of global energy system to renewable energy sources. Which are efficient, environmental friendly and sustainable for the current and future economic, social and societal need [1]. In this review paper an overview of one of the most important renewable energy i.e. Bioenergy is provided. It is the energy from biomass sources like energy crops, residues, byproduct and waste from agriculture, forestry, etc. From the many past years global energy scenarios rely on the biomass for the variety of possible uses. As we get energy from it in all forms solid, liquid, gaseous fuel. As biomass recourses are abundant and relatively inexpensive so improving the understanding of bioenergy potential is crucible. The world bioenergy potential along with India bioenergy potential for different region, land, years for different bioenergy sources are briefly mention here. Research is currently in process to develop suitable technologies for bioenergy production. At last current technologies use for bioenergy production and recent global research topics in bioenergy is discuss in this paper.

69-80

Authors: Mansurov M.I., Galandarov B.H. Safari M.H., Tahmazova T.H., Huseynov A.I.

This paper focuses on geological-genetic peculiarities of Goshian deposit formation. Considerable elements of corresponding conditions of gold-ore mineralization localization can be emphasized here, subvolcanic body and joined high-angle faults are the more typical among them. Sequence and stages of mineral formation process are studied and also distribution of precious metals in ores and sulfide concentrations. Ore bodies refer to vein-disseminated type and are confined to inside part of metasomatic aureole which is represented by quartz-sericite facies of secondary quartzites. It is expected during ore-formation process physic-chemical conditions varied from midwater (quartz-pyritic stage, early-ore) to shallow (quartz-arsenic pyrite-polymetallic with “hidden” gold) up to near-surface (quartz-gold-telluride, quartz-gold goethite-hydrogoethite stage). Formation of Gosha deposit occurred in relatively narrow temperature interval from homogeneous fluids of mainly Na-chloride composition with moderate and low salinity. It is established the temperature of ore-formation studied by homogenization method of gas-liquid inclusions in transparent minerals (quartz) of different mineral associations varies 140-390° C. Pressure of ore-forming medium calculated by isotherms cross in system H2O-CO2 and isochors CO2 is 0,7-2,0 Kbar.