Journal of Frontier Studies

12-25

Authors: Daniil A. Anikin

The article analyzes the application of the concept of “frontier” to the study of the spatial dynamics of cultural memory. The author examines the evolution of spatial methodology in “memory studies”, identifying spatial, network, and streaming stages. The space is characterized by homogeneity of collective memories, the network allows revealing discreteness and heterogeneity of cultural memory, and the flow makes it possible to analyze the interweaving of different memorial practices referring to different cultural contexts. Shifting the memory understanding from a static state to a nonlinear and multi-layered process leads to a rethinking of the “frontier” category. Geographical determinism is abandoned, as a result of which border zones can now be called not only certain territories, but also images of cultural memory, which become points of contact and opposition of various strategies of addressing the past. The front line within the framework of the streaming methodology is characterized by mobility and relativity, as its specific outlines are established by claims of certain collective subjects to specific memorial images. This is evident in the context of a modern mobile society in which different communities, such as migrants and indigenous peoples, are interpenetrated.

60-76

Authors: Alexander V. Ovchinnikov

The author considers the problem of contemporary symbolic restrictions of the frontier of migration flows. The role of ethnogenetics in the design of imaginary boundaries between representatives of ethnic groups, migrants and the local population is determined. Social and political features of the society are revealed, which make the narratives about biological differences of peoples prestigious and relevant. The hypothesis about the important role of myths about blood relationship in the mobilization of population is proposed. The prevalence of ideas about the biological component of ethnic identity is explained by the presence of elements of (post) traditional culture in the modernizing society. The Soviet and contemporary stages of formation and development of ethnogenetics are analyzed. An attempt is made to characterize the worldview of the leaders of ethnogenetics using available sources. It is stated that the ethnogeneticists have traditional conservative views with a religious component. The characteristics of the methodological foundations of the work of leading ethnogeneticists are given. The conclusion is made about the serious theoretical contradictions in the constructions of ethnogeneticists: the physiological parameters of the composite urbanized and mobile population are placed on a par with the similar indicators of endogamous small populations (often isolates), which creates the illusion of a stable structure of the gene pool. The author indicates the direct identification of the population and the people («ethnos») in the dissertational works and articles of Russian ethnogeneticists in the leading profile journal «Genetics». An imaginary obstacle to the migration frontier postulated by the scholars as necessity to “preserve the structure of the gene pool” and “genetic security of the people” can be included in the arsenal of anti-migrant rhetoric and criticism of mixed marriages.

92-121

Authors: Elena V. Alekseeva

The author poses the problem of the memory about the only overseas colonies of the Russian Empire. The article reveals the forms and specifics of the memory of Russian penetration of the North American continent, the development of the territories of the Aleutian Islands, Alaska and California in the XVIII century - 1867. Elements of the cultural circle that penetrated from Russia to the Pacific coast of America (firearms, new food products and methods for their preparation, craft technologies and products, shipbuilding and navigation, log buildings, tools, administration system, European clothing, quasi commodity-money system, Orthodoxy, writing, etc.) are reflected in various forms of cultural memory: Orthodox Christianity, works of fiction, monumental and visual art, architecture, philately, heraldry, theatrical productions, film adaptations, museum exhibitions, souvenirs. Places of memory of the Russian presence in the north of the Pacific region are reflected as toponyms, hydronyms, landmarks of historical parks, museums, cultural centers, memorable days, anniversary events and holidays. The article emphasizes the role of carriers and actors of memory - historians, museum workers, writers, directors, artists, sculptors, associations, societies, the Russian Orthodox Church, and the importance of live communication in the preservation and transmission of cultural memory. In the United States the Russian heritage is protected by the state. The author concludes that history, interpreted in world culture, is more visible than scientific works; it influences the images of historical phenomena in the memory of generations. Representation of historical facts in the mass consciousness is an important tool of cultural policy and ideology.

159-176

Authors: Oksana V. Golovashina

The theoretical problem that is raised in this article is related to the need to clarify, first, the mechanisms of changing images of social memory, and secondly, the influence of social memory on the ways and methods of integration of migrants. The purpose of the article: to highlight the results of the study of integration models of participants in the resettlement Program of compatriots living in the Tambov region for 4-5 years, to study the impact of social memory on the identified models. The methodological Foundation was the ideas of K. Wulf, T. Schatzki, D. Olik, M. de Certeau, and others. 18 in-depth interviews with migrants from Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Ukraine, 28 pages of respondents in social networks, and the results of an Association experiment using visual intermediaries were processed. The analysis of sources showed that migrants are characterized by a conscious cultivation of a " new " identity and a desire for assimilation, but it is impossible to talk about full integration, since images of social memory, despite their dynamism, are quite stable and lead to the actualization of previous practices and models of actions. Additional difficulties are associated with the integration of migrants who moved in their Teens. The interaction of the social memory of migrants and the host community is associated with certain identity risks not only for migrants, but also for the host country

200-214

Authors: Tatyana Yu. Pokrovskaya

The article discusses the specifics of preserving the identity of the ethnic group “Meskhetian Turks” who received “their own” collective trauma in the framework of the General social upheavals of the XX century and during the periods of two forced migrations. Based on in-depth interviews with three generations of ethnic representatives, the author analyzes the religious memory of the "Meskhetian Turks", who have been living in the Belgorod region since the beginning of the 1990s, and whose population traditionally professes Orthodoxy. The purpose of this work is to identify and define the principles of religious memory as an independent type, its principles and functions on the example of the religious system of Islam. Studying the mechanisms and forms of religious memory, we can note that this type of memory is an independent phenomenon. Religious memory is a way of preserving and transmitting religious consciousness and religious behavior, using action and religious language in its Arsenal. Religion and religious memory, in particular, within the framework of long-term negative events that occurred with the "Meskhetian Turks", is an active tool for both studying the trauma and preserving the uniqueness of the ethnic group, while helping to determine the identity of the people, as well as forming the religious outlook of a certain religious community from generation to generation. The materials and results of this research could be interesting to specialists in religious studies, philosophy, sociology and history.