Mobility and Vehicle Mechanics

1-12

Authors: Davor Končalović *, Dubravka Živković, Dušan Gordić, Vladimir Vukašinović, Mladen Josijević, Slađana Stević

The subject of this paper are measures for improvement of the energy efficiency of fleets that are in the jurisdiction of the one city in Serbia. Improvement of energy efficiency is proposed thorough following five measures: Data collection, internal benchmarking, transparency, the publication of collected information and rewarding of good practice examples; Creation of a joint fleet, joint driving and driving pairing (car sharing in public institutions); Establishment of eco-driving programs in the City Administration; Tire pressure control and The transition of a part of the petrol fleet to liquid petroleum gas. Here proposed methodology is easily understandable, characterized by transparency and easy adaptation while monitoring the results of the implementation of proposed measures is intuitive and simple.

19-31

Authors: Dušan Gruden

The first transportation means driven by a DC electric motor was a six-passenger boat. Ground vehicles with electric drive have also a longer history than vehicles with IC engines. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were more cars driven by electric motors then those driven by IC engines. During the last 100 years, there have been many attempts to replace the IC engine with supposedly better power units. Experiments with electric vehicles were repeatedly performed. Around 1.1 million electric vehicles or about 0.12% of 947 million of passenger vehicles is used in the world traffic today. In terms of CO2 emissions, electric cars have an environmental advantage after 2 to 4 years of use, only if the electricity for their charging is created by regenerative sources: water, wind, solar energy, high and low tides or nuclear energy (as in France). In China and Germany, where the largest part of the electricity is produced in the coal or gas power plants, the CO2 emissions created by electric cars are significantly higher than those created by cars with IC engines are. It is the opinion of many experts, that vehicles with combined drive via an electric motor and a single, relatively small and optimized IC engine (so-called hybrid drive), present the best solution passenger cars in the future, especially in terms of reduction of toxic emission in the cities, as well as in reduction of fossil fuels consumption. The conclusion of this analysis of electric drives for motor vehicles, can only state the same as it repeats for over half a century: "The piston IC engines will be substituted by the better powertrains during the following 10 to 15 years and the existing oil reserves will be spent in the next 30 to 40 years!"

45-53

Authors: Kjosevski Stevan, Kochov Atanas , Kostikj Aleksandar

The development of new lightweight and strong materials and the design of new products are among the key elements for the development of new advanced construction and vehicle parts for the automotive industry. The use of composite materials in the automotive industry has been popular in recent decades due to the need to reduce vehicle weight, which directly affects fuel consumption and exhaust gases emission. In this way, the development of improved new materials with improved performance is accomplished. Nanocomposites represent a new class of materials that has excellent thermal and mechanical properties. The application of nanocomposites for development of automotive components is reflected in the improvement of the production rate, environmental and thermal stability, and the reduction in weight in the automotive industry, less wear parts, and indirectly to reduce CO2 emissions and environmental pollution. This research paper presents a review of the application of nanocomposites (metal, ceramic and polymeric) in the automotive industry.