Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences

56-57

Authors: Anagha Sahasrabuddhe.

The burden of obesity and associated disorders is ever-increasing in modern lifestyle. Obesity is strongly associated with increase in all-cause mortality. Obesity results from chronic positive energy balance. Excess fat is stored in two compartments: subcutaneous and visceral. Of these, major chunk of fat 80% is deposited subcutaneously while a smaller percentage as visceral fat depot. Continued accumulation of adipose tissue leads to initially hypertrophy and later visceral accumulation. In the initial stages of development of obesity, subcutaneous adipose tissue acts like a sink, protecting the organs from excess of FFAs and triglycerides but when the stress of excess caloric intake overrides the capacity of subcutaneous fat, visceral fat depot starts expanding.

62-64

Authors: Jhanak Rajgire, Nikita Vijay.

The consent is required so that patient can accept or reject any examination or treatment. It also helps in building the relationship between patient and physician. This study was aimed at studying the quality and quantity of informed consent practices for cesarean section in a tertiary health centre. The present study is a descriptive cross- sectional study carried out in women who underwent emergency or elective cesarean section during study period. The accuracy of the informed consent was calculated on the basis of response to these statements i.e. test or procedure name, risks and benefits of procedure etc. We found that 87% of the women were aware about the necessity to do C-section delivery. We emphasizes on the need for appropriate counseling of patients in relation to the complications of cesarean section.

68-71

Authors: Parul Sobti, Vivek Harkare, Sonali Khadakkar, Rahul Varma, Prajakta Golhar.

The purpose of the study was to study and compare the importance of 70 degree endoscopy, direct laryngoscopy and CT scan in showing the extent of laryngeal tumours which would then decide the course of treatment for the patient. A total of 25 patients were included in the study and all patients underwent 70 degree endoscopy, direct laryngoscopy and CT scan examination. The CT scan findings were taken as gold standard and the T staging of the laryngeal tumours was compared with 70 degree endoscopy and direct laryngoscopy which was done using Cohens Kappa statistics. The sensitivity of 70 degree endoscopy in staging T1 laryngeal tumors was 100%, T2 tumors was 57.1%, T3 tumors was 62.5 % and T4 tumors was 0. The overall staging accuracy of 70 degree endoscopy was 0.44. The sensitivity of direct laryngoscopy in staging T1 laryngeal tumors was 100%, T2 tumors was 100%, T3 tumors was 62.5 % and T4 tumors was 0. The overall staging accuracy of direct laryngoscopy was 0.56.

77-82

Authors: Dibyanshu Singh, N.B. Kasturwar.

India is home to 243 million adolescents, nearly one fifth of its total population. Females constitute an important proportion of the population; therefore their health needs are of equal importance. One of the major issues regarding the menstrual morbidities is that it has been neglected since long, in spite of it involving a good proportion of adolescent girls. A community based cross sectional study was carried out in the field practice area of rural health centre under the administrative control of department of Community Medicine of a tertiary care hospital. The sampling technique used was systematic random sampling. A pre-designed and pre- tested questionnaire including both open and close ended questions was used. The girls were asked for their age, religion, education and type of family, age at menarche, rhythm, frequency, and duration of the menstrual cycle. Out of the total 600 adolescent girls, 270 adolescent girls suffered from at least one of the menstrual morbidities giving a prevalence of 45%. The various morbidities were found to be as; dysmenorrhoeain 126 (21%), oligomenorrhoea in 78 (13%), menorrhagia in 42 (7%), polymenorrhoea in 18 (3%) and hypomenorrhoea in 96 (16 %) of the girls respectively. The association of age of the girl, education of the girl, education of mother, with menstrual morbidity was found to be statistically significant.

89-91

Authors: Sushil Pande, Madhur Gupta.

Vitiligo vulgaris is an autoimmune disease of the skin characterized by depigmented macules. Apart from autoimmune etiology, damage to melanocytes by oxidative stress has been postulated as one of the causative factors in pathogenesis of vitiligo. The current study was conducted at our tertiary care center to estimate oxidative stress in the blood of patients suffering from vitiligo. A total of 40 patients were included after informed consent. All treatment-naïve patients of vitiligo of >15 years of age of either sex and those patients who have not received systemic treatment in the last 3months for vitiligo or topical treatment in the last 2 weeks were included. Detailed history was taken and clinical assessment of vitiligo was done. Venous blood samples were collected for estimation of Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) which is considered as markers for oxidative stress in the blood. Majority of vitiligo cases belonged to younger age groups. A total of 60% cases were in the age group of 16–25years followed by 20% in 26–35years. A total of 50% cases were having active or unstable disease while 50% cases were having stable disease. As assessed by MDA, 35/36(97.22%) was found to have raised oxidant stress. As assessed by GPX, all i.e. 36/36 patients were (100%) were found to have raised oxidant stress. As assessed by SOD, 34/36 (94.44%) were found to have raised oxidant stress. Mean values of MDA in our patients were 4.3±2.75SD nmol/ml. Mean values of GPx in our patients were 2864±1008SD u/l. Mean values of SOD were 97.11±91.46SD u/ml. Mean values of MDA, GPX and SOD in matched controls were 0.91±0.21SD nmol/ml, 6058.60±1694SD u/l and 189.43±23.57SD u/ml respectively. As compared to controls, increased MDA levels and reduced GPX and SOD levels were suggestive of oxidative stress in patients of vitiligo in our study. More studies of relatively larger sample size are required to further confirm these variations of MDA, SOD and GPx in the blood.

95-98

Authors: Mohan Joshi, Pranita Dharmadhikari.

Childhood obesity is emerging as a major health problem among early adolescent school children. The present study is a cross sectional, questionnaire based study carried out among 220 early adolescent school children in an urban slum of metropolitan city using WHO (2007) recommended cut-off points. Among the total study population, 58% were boys and 42% were girls. As per age wise distribution, 35% were from 10-11, 31% from 11-12 and 34% from 12-13 years of age group. The overall prevalence rates of underweight, normal, overweight were 75.6%, 19%, 5.45% respectively. Though none of the study subjects were frankly obese, the prevalence of overweight/obese was 5.45%. It was noted that the majority of study subjects 166(75%) were either thin or severe thin. In the context of present study, the high prevalence of under nutrition may be due to their low calorie intake and lack of awareness on proper eating habits. Present study highlighted the existence of childhood under nutrition as a threat, which is likely to persist to adult life among these school children. Hence it is recommended that the teachers and the parents should be sensitized for the maintenance of healthy eating habits among the adolescent age group.

104-106

Authors: Smita Goenka, Madhuri Gawande, Sulbha Joshi, Chetna Ratnaparkhi.

Uterine arteriovenous(AV) malformations resulting in abnormal uterine bleeding is relatively rare condition. It can be congenital or acquired. Acquired AV malformation is usually secondary to trauma, pregnancy or malignancy. The mainstay of management is uterine artery embolization or definitive surgery. We report a case of AV malformation in lower uterine segment secondary to previous ruptured scar pregnancy. The condition was diagnosed by Doppler ultrasound and confirmed by MR angiography. Our subject opted for hysterectomy over uterine artery embolization. The clinical findings were confirmed by histopathological examination by presence chorionic villi.