Nanotechnologies in Construction: A Scientific Internet-Journal

12-17

Authors: Shayakhmetov U.Sh., Larkina A.A., Khalikov R.M., Sinitsin D.A., Nedoseko I.V.

Introduction. The development of methodological monitoring tools to implement building nanomaterials into production is an integral element of designing a mechanism for effective management of the development of business structures. University entrepreneurship and research and educational centers in the ecosystem trend are considered as central actors in the process of creating tools for university transfer of nanobinders for construction purposes. Methods and materials. The process of forming digital competencies among students and teachers in the process of commercialization of scientific developments of a construction university (institute, faculty, department) should be considered as the result of fractal interactions. The development of the innovative ecosystem of the university is achieved by the effective implementation of the process of transferring the results of intellectual activity for the creation of gypsum and ceramic nanocomposites, which are in demand by the regional construction industry. Results. The intellectual and technological potential of universities that train bachelor’s and master’s students for the construction industry determines the prospects for the successful development of the industry in an innovative society. Accelerated promotion of investment developments, requested nanotechnologies of universities, provides universities with additional extrabudgetary funding. On the example of the development of technology for producing small-piece wall and partition products based on nanostructured gypsum binders, they were tested in experimental industrial conditions. Discussion. Effective methodological tools for the transfer of nanotechnological university engineering to the construction industry are: the creation of basic departments at enterprises and the successful functioning of research and educational centers, the participation of employers in educational and industrial practice, etc. From the point of view of laborious commercialization and transfer of scientific developments, the effective way from the idea to the widespread introduction of high-tech products is the real application of the intellectual potential of the teaching staff of the university, institute, departments. Conclusions. The engineering of methodological tools for reliable monitoring of the attractiveness of the regional business ecosystem for the generation and development of transfer processes of popular nanomaterials is an integral element of designing a mechanism for effective management of business structures in construction. Due to the formation of the innovative ecosystem of the university, an effective implementation of the process of commercialization of the results of intellectual activity in the field of nanotechnology, which are in demand by the construction industry of the region, is achieved.

32-38

Authors: Mazitova A.K., Aminova G.K.,Zaripov I.I., Vikhareva I.N.

One of the most demanded materials on the planet is plastic, the excellent performance of which contributes to the accumulationof a significant amount of waste on its basis. In this regard, a new approach to the development of these materials hasbeen formed in scientific circles: the production of polymer composites with constant performance characteristics for a certainperiod and then capable of destruction under the influence of environmental factors. Analysis of the current state of the industry of polymeric materials shows that the most urgent is the use of such classical polymers as polyolefins and polyvinyl chloride. First of all, the optimal solution to this problem due to the lack of a suitable replacement for traditional polymers is the development of composites based on them with the use of biodegradable additives. In this case, a set of problems associated with waste disposal issolved: the decomposition period of the recycled waste is significantly reduced, the territories required for plastic waste are reduced. The paper outlines the preconditions for the emergence and further development of the field of biodegradable polymers. The mainquantitative characteristics of the production capacities of manufactured bioplastics by types, regions and industries of applicationare given. Modern methods of reducing and regulating the degradation time of polymer materials are presented. The main global and domestic manufacturers of biodegradable polymers and their products are listed, as well as a list of the main manufacturers of biodegradable additives for polymeric materials. Modern types of bioplastics based on renewable raw materials, composites with their use, aswell as modified materials from natural and synthetic polymers are listed. The main methods for determining the biodegradability of existing bioplastics are described.