Zoological Research

4

Authors: Yang Yun-Peng , Lu Yong , Yu Pei-Jun , Liu Qi-Ming , Gao Chang-Shan , Zhang Xiao-Tong , Sun Qiang

 

16

Authors: Bao Lei , Bo Xiao-Chen , Cao Huai-Wen , Qian Chen , Wang Zeng , Li Bin

Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells) are engineered recombinant T cells, which were initially used  to  treat  hematopoietic  malignancies  and  are now  widely  used  in  the  treatment  of  various diseases.  Considering  their  intrinsic  targeting efficiency,  CAR-T  cells  show  considerable  potential in  the  treatment  of  autoimmune  diseases. Furthermore,  regulatory  T  cells  (Treg),  a  subset  of CD4 T cells exhibiting immunosuppressive functions, have  attracted  increasing  attention  regarding  CARTreg  cell  production.  In  this  review,  we  report  on recent  developments  in  preclinical  and  clinical studies on CAR-T cells in autoimmune diseases and provide  an  outlook  on  opportunities  and  challenges of CAR-T application in such diseases.

180−183

Authors: Peng-Fei Fan, Lu Zhang, Li Yang, Xia Huang, Kai-Chong Shi, Guo-Qing Liu, Chun-Hua Wang

 

188−191

Authors: Ming-Liang Hu, Bao-Sheng Wu, Wen-Jie Xu,Cheng-Long Zhu, Yuan Yuan, Wen-Qi Lv, Qiang Qiu, Hai-Bin Zhang, Kun Wang, Chen-Guang Feng

 

205−216

Authors: Zong-Xian Zhu,  Yi-Long Lin,  Chun-Hui Ai,  Ying-Ying Xiong,  Dan-Dan Huang,  Yin-Yi Yao,  Tong-De Liu,  Chao- Hao Chen, Hao-Ran Lin, Jun-Hong Xia

Red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) is one of the most popular fish in China due to its bright red appearance, fast growth rate, and strong adaptability. Understanding the sex determination mechanisms is of vital importance for the selection of all-male lines to increase aquacultural production of red tilapia. In this research, the genetic architecture for sex from four mapping populations (n=1 090) of red tilapia was analyzed by quantitative trait loci (QTL)-seq, linkage-based QTL mapping, and linkage disequilibrium (LD)-based genome-wide association studies. Two genome-wide significant QTL intervals associated with sex were identified on ChrLG1 (22.4–23.9 Mb) and ChrLG23 (32.0–35.9 Mb), respectively. The QTL on ChrLG1 was detected in family 1 (FAM1), FAM2, and FAM4, and the other QTL on ChrLG23 was detected in FAM3 and FAM4. Four microsatellite markers located within the QTL were successfully developed for marker-assisted selection. Interestingly, three (lpp, sox14, and amh) of the 12 candidate genes located near or on the two QTL intervals were abundantly expressed in males, while the remaining genes were more highly expressed in females. Seven genes (scly, ube3a, lpp, gpr17, oca2, cog4, and atp10a) were significantly differentially expressed between the male and female groups. Furthermore, LD block analysis suggested that a cluster of genes on ChrLG23 may participate in regulating sex development in red tilapia. Our study provides important information on the genetic architecture of sex in red tilapia and should facilitate further exploration of sex determination mechanisms in this species.

221−224

Authors: Zong-Min Lu, Xue-Jian Li, Wen-Jian Lü, Jin-Qing Huang, Tian-Ke Xu, Gang Huang, Fen-Qiong Qian, Peng Yang, Shu-Guo Chen, Wei-Ning Mao, Ya-Hui Zhao

 

229−233

Authors: Ying-Zhou Hu, Hua Yang, Hao Li, Long-Bao Lv, Jing Wu, Zhu Zhu, Yu-Hua Zhang, Fang-Fang Yan, Shu-Han Fan, Shu-Xiao Wang, Jian-Ping Zhao, Qiang Qi, Chang-Bing Huang, Xin-Tian Hu

 

237−240

Authors: Yong-Gang Yao, on behalf of the Construction Team of the KIZ Primate Facility

 

255−264

Authors: Lu-Chao Lv, Yao-Yao Lu, Xun Gao, Wan-Yun He, Ming-Yi Gao, Kai-Bin Mo, Jian-Hua Liu

We  aimed  to  characterize  NDM-5-producing Enterobacteriaceae  from  aquatic  products  in Guangzhou, China. A total of 196 intestinal samples of  grass  carp  collected  in  2019  were  screened  for carbapenemase  genes.  Characterization  of blaNDM-5 positive  isolates  and  plasmids  was  determined  by antimicrobial  susceptibility  testing,  conjugation experiments,  Illumina  HiSeq,  and  Nanopore sequencing.  One  Citrobacter freundii  and  six Escherichia coli  strains  recovered  from  seven intestinal  samples  were  verified  as blaNDM-5  carriers (3.57%, 7/196). The blaNDM-5 genes were located on the  IncX3  (n=5),  IncHI2  (n=1),  or  IncHI2-IncF  (n=1) plasmids.  All  blaNDM-5-bearing  plasmids  were transferred  by  conjugation  at  frequencies  of  ~10−4– 10−6.  Based  on  sequence  analysis,  the  IncHI2 plasmid pHNBYF33-1 was similar to other blaNDM-5- carrying IncHI2 plasmids deposited in GenBank from Guangdong  ducks.  In  all  IncHI2  plasmids,  blaNDM-5 was embedded in a novel transposon, Tn7 051 (IS3 000 -ΔISAba125-IS5-ΔISAba125-blaNDM-5-bleMBL-trpF-tat- ∆dct-IS26-∆umuD-∆ISKox3-IS3 000),  which  was identical to the genetic structure surrounding blaNDM-5 found  in  some  IncX3  plasmids.  The  IncHI2-IncF hybrid  plasmid  pHNTH9F11-1  was  formed  by homologous  recombination  of  the blaNDM-5-carrying IncHI2  plasmid  and  a  heavy-metal-resistant  IncF plasmid  through  ∆Tn1 721.  To  the  best  of  our knowledge,  this  is  the  first  report  on  the characterization  of blaNDM-5-bearing  plasmids  in  fish in China. The IncHI2 plasmid pHNBYF33-1 may be transmitted  from  ducks,  considering  the  common duck-fish  freshwater  aquaculture  system  in Guangdong.  Tn7 051  is  likely  responsible  for  the transfer of blaNDM-5 from IncX3 to IncHI2 plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae,  resulting  in  the  expansion  of transmission vectors of blaNDM-5.

275−284

Authors: Chun-Long Yan,  Jun Lin,  Yuan-Yuan Huang,  Qing-Shan Gao,  Zheng-Yu Piao,  Shou-Li Yuan,  Li Chen, Xue Ren, Rong-Cai Ye, Meng Dong, Han-Lin Zhang, Hui-Qiao Zhou, Xiao-Xiao Jiang, Wan-Zhu Jin, Xu-Ming Zhou, Chang-Guo Yan

Environmental temperature serves as a major driver of adaptive changes in wild organisms. To discover the mechanisms underpinning cold tolerance in domestic animals, we sequenced the genomes of 28 cattle from warm and cold areas across China. By characterizing the population structure and demographic history, we identified two genetic clusters, i.e., northern and southern groups, as well as a common historic population peak at 30 kilo years ago. Genomic scan of cold-tolerant breeds determined potential candidate genes in the thermogenesis-related pathways that were under selection. Specifically, functional analysis identified a substitution of PRDM16 (p.P779L) in northern cattle, which maintains brown adipocyte formation by boosting thermogenesis-related gene expression, indicating a vital role of this gene in cold tolerance. These findings provide a basis for genetic variation in domestic cattle shaped by environmental temperature and highlight the role of reverse mutation in livestock species.