Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine

Number 2(2), 2017

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Performance and survival of Clarias garienpinus from locally processed corn and soya bean meal as a replacement for fish meal

Authors: Solomon, R. J. and Alasa, M. B.

Abstract

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An experiment to evaluate the effect of replacing fish feed was conducted to evaluate the growth performance of Heteroclarias in circular tanks each having a capacity of fifty litres of water. Fishes were divided into three groups in triplicates, with 10 fishes per tank. The fingerlings stocked were of the same size and length. Fishes in tank A were fed with laboratory prepared Soya bean and corn meal feed, while B had already manufactured feed (Coppens) and C already manufactured feed (Aquamass) was used. The fingerlings were fed 4% of their body weight twice daily, from 6.00 to 8.00am and from 6.00 to 8.00pm. Growth performances were monitored weekly for eight weeks. The results showed that treatment A (laboratory prepared feed) had the best growth performance with a mean weight (23.3±0.02 g) and length (20.00 mm) gain which exceeds that of treatment B which had a mean of 10.5±0.01 g and length of (19.3 mm). There was a significant difference (p>0.05) between growth rate and different feeds.

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Calculation of metabolic waste of Clarias gariepinus and Tilapia niloticus obtained from two commercial fish ponds in Gwagwalada

Authors: Solomon, R. J. and Oguike, C. M.

Abstract

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An automated blood serum chemistry analytical system designed for human usage was employed to establish the levels of urea and creatinine parameters present in sera obtained from 60 experimental groups of catfish and tilapia from a commercial pond with length ranging from 10 to 58 cm and weight ranging from 98.2 to 900.2 grams (For the first group) and 6.8-5 cm and 28.9-90.5 g (for the second group) respectively. The present study was carried out to determine the result of Urea and Creatinine values of Clarias gariepinus and Tilapia niloticus obtained from two commercial ponds in Gwagwalada. The results observed from catfish when compared to that of tilapia, showed a slight difference of both species. Highest Creatinine value recorded for Clarias gariepinus was 1.53 mg/dl and the lowest was 0.00 mg/dl. While the highest Urea level recorded is 10.4 mg/dl and minimum was 0.04 mg/dl. Highest Creatinine value recorded for Tilapia niloticus was 1.43 mg/dl while the lowest value recorded is 0.02 mg/dl. Urea highest value recorded is 11.40 mg/dl and lowest value is 0.02 mg/dl. The ratio of urea to Creatinine was very high for both species and can be concluded to be either as a result of gastrointestinal bleeding, kidney failure, high protein diet as well as pollution of pond water with substances such as ammonia, and urea which are excreted by fish. It is therefore important to regularly change water to control the effect Urea blood level.

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Prevalence, isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of Gallibacterium anatis from Local Breed of Female Muscovy Ducks (Cairina moschata) in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria

Authors: Jallailudeen Rabana Lawal, Juliana James Ndahi, Amina Mohammed Bello, Yakaka Wakil, Jamila Dauda and Umar Isa Ibrahim

Abstract

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The present study was carried out from the month of March to December, 2016 and aimed to isolate and investigate the prevalence of Gallibacterium anatis infection as well as to study the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the bacterium from extensively reared local breed of female Muscovy ducks in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria. To accomplish this, a total of 250 samples (100 tracheal swabs, 100 cloacal swabs and 50 part of ovary) were collected from households where Muscovy ducks are reared and female Muscovy ducks from live birds market. Microbiological isolation and biochemical identification of the phenotypic characteristic consistent with G. anatis was used for the diagnosis of a positive sample and this revealed 75/250 (30.0%) positive isolates of the bacterium. The G. anatis was more frequently isolated from samples collected from house hold Muscovy ducks 51 (20.40%) than those from the live birds market 24 (9.60%) with a significant difference (P < 0.0001 at 95% CI; RR= 1.302). However, isolates where more frequently cultivated in samples of the tracheal swab 49 (19.60%) than those swabs collected from the cloaca 24 (9.60%) and ovary 2 (0.80%). G. anatis was discovered to be more frequent in the rainy season 51 (20.40%) when compared to the dry season 24 (9.60%) with a significant difference (P = 0.0080 at 95% CI; RR = 0.8466). Moreover, isolates revealed positive reactions to test with catalase, oxidase, phosphatase, sucrose and sorbitol, but show negative reactions to indole, urease, coagulase and maltose. The biochemical investigations differentiated the isolated strains into two biovars; haemolytic Gallibacterium anatis biovar 3 (4.0%) and a non-haemolytic Gallibacterium anatis biovar 72 (96.0%). Antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed multi-drug resistant of the Gallibacterium anatis isolated. The in-vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that isolates were highly susceptible to Cefotaxime, moderately susceptible to Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline and Florfenicol. In conclusion, G. anatis is prevalent in extensively reared local breed of Muscovy ducks in the study area. Therefore, strict biosecurity measures should be practiced at all level of poultry production systems to curb the spread of the organism. Antimicrobial abuse should be avoided by poultry farmers and the guidance of a registered veterinarian should be sought whenever there is need for medications to avoid misuse and drug resistance.