Biological Forum-An International Journal

2

Authors: Sandeep Kumar*, B. Thangjam** and M.A. Khan**

ABSTRACT : A new species Neotrichoporoides mani (Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae) is described, illustrated and compared with an earlier Indian species N. viridimaculatus (Fullaway).

3

Authors: Anshika Malaviya* and Neeraj Mishra**

ABSTRACT : The present study was designated to study the antimicrobial activities of aqueous and alcohol extracts that were prepared from fresh fruits of Malus domestica, Punica granatum, Psidium guajava, and Citrus sinenses. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were tested against bacteria and fungi by the use of agar well diffusion method. The aqueous extracts showed higher antimicrobial activity as compared to alcohol extracts. The aqueous extracts of M. domestica were most active against Candida albicans with the (MIC = 1.2 cm) and inactive against gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli. Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus extracts were found to be most active for P. guajava and P. granatum with (MIC = 1.1 cm and 1.0 cm respectively), while the alcohol extract of M. domestica showed highes antimicrobial activity for gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis with (MIC = 0.8 cm) and no activity against gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeuroginosa. Similarly, P. guajava and C. sinensis showed no activity against gram positive bacteria S. aureus.

3

Authors: S.M. Gaikwad, Y.S. Muniv, J.A. Chavan and G.P. Bhawane

ABSTRACT : The eggs and pupae were parasitized by Trichogramma chilonis, Pteromalus puparum and Tachinid fly. The highest population density was recorded with an average of 25 larvae/curry leaf plant and 19.75 larvae/ acid lime plant in the month of July. The lowest average of 1 larva/ curry leaf plant was recorded in April and May and 1 larva/acid lime plant in March and April. The curry leaf plants are more infested by the pest P. p. polytes and its population was highest during rainy season followed by winter and summer. The study may be useful in the formulation of control strategy of this pest.

3

Authors: Indira Devi* and Savitri Verma*

ABSTRACT : The present study involved one thousand individuals from Tribal and Non-Tribal population of Himachal Pradesh for each diseases i.e., Diabetes, Mellitus and hypertension. The study was conducted to see the difference between Tribal and Non-Tribal population by calculating the gene frequencies of these diseases. The allelic frequencies of the sample showed significant differences between Tribes and Non-Tribes population on Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension. The allelic frequency data calculated of two successive generations of Tribes and Non-Tribes showed almost similar pattern of inheritance in tribal and Non- Tribal population.

4

Authors: László Nowinszky* and János Puskás*

ABSTRACT : The study revealed a correlation between the ionospheric storms (?Kf0F2) and light-trap catch of two winter geometrid moth (Operophthera brumata L. and Agriopis aurantiaria Hbn.). The efficiency of catching the two species by light-trap decreases at the time of negative ionospheric storms and increases during positive ones. The strengthening of atmospheric radio noises (SEA) increases the catch of the Turnip Moth (Agrotis segetum Den. et Schiff).

4

Authors: Gurjeet Singh*, Vikas Gupta**, Anu Kumar Sharma*** and Neeraj Gupta****

ABSTRACT : The aim of the present study was to examine the frequency of thyroid disease among diabetes in Punjabi population and to investigate the effect of Diabetes mellitus on thyroid hormone levels and other biochemical variables. The totals of 200 subjects including 100 diabetic (20 type 1 and 80 type 2) and 100 non diabetic controls subjects were included in the present study. Each patient was investigated for plasma glucose fasting (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, high density lipoproteins (HDL) low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), blood urea, serum creatinine, SGOT, SGPT, total triiodthyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4), free triidothyronine (FT3) free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).Patients with diabetes showed significantly higher levels of TSH, FPG , HbA1c, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, blood urea, creatinine, SGOT, SGPT and significantly lower levels of T3, T4, FT3, FT4 and HDL as compared to non-diabetics. Among the 100 diabetics patients studied 29% shows abnormal thyroid hormone levels (24% had hypothyroidism and 5% had hyperthyroidism) whereas in 100 non diabetics subjects only 4 % of the subjects were having abnormal thyroid dysfunction.

4

Authors: Indu Sharma* and Avtar Kaur Sidhu*

N/A

5

Authors: K.C. Sharma*, S.C. Bhardwaj* and Gaurav Sharma**

ABSTRACT : The detailed systematic studies, life history and infestation done by Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on tomato in semi arid region of Rajasthan were conducted from 1999-2010. The pre-oviposition, oviposition and post oviposition periods ranged from 2.15-3.21, 5.25-6.60 and 1.12-1.33 days, respectively in different generations. The fecundity/ female ranged from 256.60-490.66 eggs and percentage hatchability ranged between 77.80-89.0 percent in different generations. The longevity of male and female moths was 2.44-5.89 and 8.79-11.33 days, respectively. In the first two generations the ratio of male was higher than female (1:0.76 and 1:0.67) but in the next generation the ratio of female was higher than males (1:1.22). The incubation period was 5-7, 5-6 and 4- 6 days in the Ist, IInd and IIIrd generation. The larvae passed through five instars with 21.25-38.24 days of total larval period in different generations. The mean pre-pupal period and pupal period ranged from 4.04-4.75 and 13.78-24.38 days in different generations. H. armigera completed three generations in semi arid region of Rajasthan from October to May.

6

Authors: Gaurav Sharma

ABSTRACT : The extensive studies on Lepidopterous insects associated with vegetables were conducted in different localities of Aravalli Range of Rajasthan i.e. Mount Abu, Udaipur, Rajsamand, Puskar, Ajmer, Jaipur, Sikar, Jhunjhunu, Sariska, Alwar, Dausa and Bharatpur during 2008-11. During present study 38 species of lepidopterous insects associated with vegetables in Aravalli Range of Rajasthan were recorded, out of 152 species of lepidopterous insects recorded from India. The families Crambidae and Noctuidae were the dominant families each represented by 8 species followed by Arctiidae having 4 species; Lycaenidae 3 species; then Nolidae, Pieridae and Sphingidae each having 2 species and least by Cosmopterigidae, Gelechiidae, Geometridae, Hesperiidae, Lymantriidae, Nymphalidae, Plutellidae, Pterophoridae and Saturniidae each having 1 species. On the basis of nature of damage the lepidopterous insects were also categorized as leaf feeders, pod borers, fruit borers, defoliators and leaf rollers, bud borers and leaf webbers, cut worms, leaf miners and stem borers etc. The salient details of their hosts, pest status or otherwise and their updated classification are provided.

7

Authors: Amit Pratush* , Anupama Gupta* * , I sha Mahajan* , Mamta Sharma* * *, J.K. Rana* * * , Savita Kumari* , Richa Bhardwaj* , Rupali M assey* , Preet Lal* and T.C. Bhalla* * * *

ABSTRACT : L actic acid bacter ia (LAB) i.e. Lactococcus AP-2 was isolated fr om the fer mented milk pr oducts of Solan dist r ict of H imachal Pr adesh. T he str ain was selected and scr eened for their ability to pr oduce bacter ioci n by agar well diffusion method using t he super natant of centr if uged test cultur e. T he isolate Lactococcus AP-2 exhibited highest zone of inhibition against the indicator pathogenic str ains i.e. P. aeruginosa, S. dysentriae and S. aureus. The antimicrobial activity of Lactococcus AP-2 was fur ther char acterized for heat sensitivity, stor age stability, pH stability and effect of sur factant. T he bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus AP-2 stable at low temper atur e i.e. up to 60°C for 72h and with the r ise in temperatur e its activity star t decr easing and above 60°C it becomes inactive. T he bacteriocin is stable at acidic pH conditions (i.e. 2-6) and can be used as a potential biopr eser vative for the pr eser vation of acidic food mater ials.

7

Authors: Mrs. Sapna Kochher* and Dr. Sandeep Kumar**

ABSTRACT : The physicochemical characterization of the textile industry effluent collected from Oswal Textile Industries, Ludhiana (Punjab.) India has been carried out and the results showed that the temperature (40°C), pH (8.00), Biological Oxygen Demand (260 mgl–1), Chemical Oxygen Demand (790 mgl–1), Total Suspended Solids (2000 mgl–1), Total Dissolved Solids (7000 mgl–1 and colour over the prescribed fresh water limits. A potential bacterial strain was isolated and selected from the textile effluent on the basis of rapid azo dye Crystal violet (100mgl–1) decolorization and later identified as belonging to genus Bacillus based on Phenotypic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rRNA gene sequence. Effects of physicochemical parameters (pH, Temperature, etc.) on the Crystal violet decolorization by the Bacillus were studied. Decolorization was effective at pH 8, 35°C with starch and peptone as carbon and nitrogen sources and in static conditions. This decolorization potential increased the applicability of this microorganism for the dye removal.