European Geographical Studies

Number 3 (11), 2016

75-82
Trends of Climatic Components Secular Changes and Their Possible Impact on the Eco-Chemical Characteristics of the Soil (on Example of Alazani Valley)

Authors: Elizbar Sh. Elizbarashvili, Lali U. Shavliashvili, Georgi I. Kordzakhia, Gulchina P. Kuchava, Mariam E. Elizbarashvili, Nana Z. Chelidze

Abstract

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The climatic components regime and their link with modern ecological processes are assessed. In particular secular changes of the temperature and precipitation and their possible impact on the eco-chemical characteristics of the soil is investigated. The regression relation between global warming intensity and soil eco-chemical data is calculated. The authors use observations of the ecological condition of the soils of the Alazani valley, conducted over the period 1978-2000 to characterize the degree of salinity of the soil materials. The article uses the materials of the expeditions organized by the authors in 2012-2013 years. The main method of research is regression analysis. For further study of process dynamics of salinization-desalinization of soils Alazansky valley it seems the appropriate to organize the monitoring of degraded saline soils.

83-107
Paleoecological Conditions Antiquity in the Northern Black Sea Region (According to the Sedimentation in Lake Saki, Crimea)

Authors: Fedor N. Lisetskii, Vitaliy I. Pichura

Abstract

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Information about the processes of lake sedimentation in the northern Black Sea coast, and time series analysis of modern computer processing techniques opens up the possibility of a chronological correlation between the scale of climate change and the main ethnic-historical and economic processes which characterized the ancient statehood zone in its key historical manifestations. For the first time it has been deep processed using the methods of time series analysis and Neural network software for data on water consumption in the Dnieper River, which had been restored by the changes bottom sediment thickness Saki lake for a period of 1000 years (6th – 4th centuries B.C.). It was found that the 1000-year period observed 370 years (37 %) with severe and 60 (6 %) with very strong anomalies in the hydrological conditions, which may serve as an indicator of extreme climatic events. And throughout ancient history among extreme events longer met excessively wet years than drought years. Millennium (in 50 B.C.) It was characterized by a sharp change in climatic conditions, allowing for moisture conditions antiquity divided into two age-old period. Defined by two periods of climatic analogue era, which is associated with the story of Herodotus (4th centuries B.C.): 388-288 B.C. and 171-281 A.D. In ancient times the greatest above normal streamflow observed in 400-320 B.C. and in the last quarter of the 4th centuries B.C. The middle of the 3 c. B.C. – it marked the most arid phase. Dates major paleogeographic stages of age-old dimension (five of the most full-flowing periods and six low-water periods) were determined and compared with the key events of the ancient history of Northern Black Sea region was held.

108-119
Geo-demographic Structure of the Czechs in Vojvodina Province (Serbia)

Authors: Tamara Lukić, Milka Bubalo-Živković, Nevena Ćurčić, Željko Bjeljac, Bojan Đerčan, Tatjana Pivac

Abstract

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The short history about the settling of Czechs in Vojvodina Province was given at the beginning of the paper. It was followed by an analysis of their spatial distribution. Demographic structure of the Czechs in Vojvodina is elaborated. Particular attention was given to the period after the Second World War, e.g. the second half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. Identification of tendencies in age structure of the Czechs was the main task of the paper. Statistical methods and mathematics proceeding were used to compare different parameters of the age structure (e.g. average age, median age, index of ageing, etc.). The Czechs are one of the oldest ethnic groups among the population of Vojvodina Province was proven in the paper. Publishing and events make the national and cultural identity sustainable. Therefore, at the end of the paper, exposed facts related to these activities. The results of the study will enhance the knowledge about demographic characteristics of the Czechs in Vojvodina and therefore might be useful for further research in the field.

120-128
Agricultural Holdings in Montenegro – Structure, Labor Force, Use of Agricultural Land: a Review

Authors: Goran Rajović, Jelisavka Bulatović

Abstract

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In this paper authors analyze the structure of agricultural holdings in Montenegro; persons engaged in work on family agricultural holdings and used agricultural land family agricultural holdings. The total number of agricultural households in Montenegro in 2010 is 48.870. Out of that 48.824 are family agricultural holdings. According to is size class of utilized agricultural land 15.418 of family agricultural holdings in the interval of 0.1- 0.5 ha or 31.6 %. Working on agricultural households engaged an average of 2.03 people. Of the total of 48.824 bearers of family agricultural holdings 6.286 women, i.e. 12.87 %, while 42.538 men, i.e. 87.13 %. How would family agricultural holdings in Montenegro improved its physical and economic performance and become more competitive, it is necessary to obtain the support of political leaders, through the implementation of a number of support measures: ensuring predictable and stimulating agricultural and overall economic policy; market development (agricultural products, capital, land); creating a stimulating business environment for higher investment, employment, overall economic development and diversification of income and activities of the rural population.