Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health

66-71

Authors: Neelam Singh and Madhu Tripathi

Fluoride contamination in aquatic ecosystem has been recognized as one of the major problems worldwide and it is imposing a serious threat to aquatic organisms. It induces adverse physiological and biochemical effect in animals. The present study has been planned to observe toxic effect of Sodium fluoride on antioxidative biomarkers like LPO, SOD, and GSH in a fresh water catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. Fish were exposed to two sub lethal concentrations of Sodium fuoride for 30 days. After exposure, fish were sacrificed for collection of tissues for biochemical assay. It was found that SOD, GSH decreased significantly while LPO increased significantly in treated ash as compared to control. Results indicate concentration dependent induction of oxidative stress and subsequent alternations in the activities of non enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants like LPO, GSH and SOD.

78-87

Authors: Fardin Vakili, Nemat Tahmasebi, Sairan Tahmasebi, Delaram Tahmasebi

Entrepreneurs are creative, innovative, risk taking, dynamic, flexible, and brave, opportunity recognizer, and leadership potentiality, and network builder, independent and self-reliant people. Entrepreneurship is a key factor on (1) Economical Growth and Development of countries (2) Providing employment and job opportunity (3) Enhancing productivity and production capabilities (4) Contributing to the high levels of creativity and innovation and (5) Creating wealth and providing educate welfare. All new ideas and knowledge should be converted to profitable and useful products and services. And education for creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship should start from very early stages of childhood. This research is about role of education in Entrepreneurship development. This research is consisted of a main hypothesis based on There is a meaningful relation between education and Entrepreneurship development. Method and materials: This research has been done based on researching the key words Entrepreneurship, Education, Entrepreneurship Education, Entrepreneurship Process, Entrepreneurship Typology, Education Strategy and Virtual Organization. It also includes the researcher’s manual attempt in journals and related materials. Conclusion: This research is a descriptive research. Based on the results of research, entrepreneurs needs be determined by Education Process., finally, has been observed that there is an average and upward between, Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurship development Process.

98-102

Authors: Soma Muzafari, Soran Mowlaie, Kamyar Bahmani

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between Materialism and Financial Risk and with the mediating role of propensity toward indebtedness and emotions So 102 private banks customers in sanandaj were selected with stratified Sampling by using kocran’s formula after collecting 30 primary questionnaire and calculating final sample number. This study is an applied research and the method is correlational research component and the data collection method was a quantitative research. Measurement tools are standard questionnaire. First Face validity confirmed by related professors of university and then the content validity confirmed by CFA test and PLS software. Pearson correlation tests and SEM were used to test hypothesis relationships. Results show that there is a meaningful negative relationship between Materialism and propensity toward indebtedness and also positive relationship between propensity toward indebtedness and emotions and also propensity toward indebtedness and Financial Risk.

112-117

Authors: Mohsen Ghotbi, Mehdi Sohrabi, Hamid Reza Taheri, Ezzat Khodashenas

The visual perception is completely associated with successful performance of motor skills. Development of Children’s perceptual abilities considerably improved motor function or weakens. So awareness of the developmental status of visual perception is essential. The purpose of this study was to compare depth perception of 7-9 years old children Characterized by developmental coordination disorder (DCD) with healthy children. Participants were 80 male subjects, 40 subjects with developmental coordination disorder and 40 healthy peers that selected on available sampling. All have normal vision or were modified. Depth perception of subjects was evaluated in three times by the depth perception model D9009. The average error of depth perception was used as the depth perception score. Independent T-test results showed significant difference between healthy children and DCD. The average error in the healthy children was significantly lower (MD = 9.45). From the results can be concluded that weaker motor functions and motor delay and consequently the DCD has negative impact on the visual perception of depth. Therefore, in dealing with these people due to the importance of depth perception in motor function, attention to this matter is essential.

130-135

Authors: Abobakr Ravand, Chun Yuanhan and Seyed Abbas Afsanepurak

In 1997, Sport and Environment Commission was established in an attempt to reduce destructive effects resulted from sports activities in environment by raising awareness among athletes, managers, authorities, and organizers of sports events in order for the athletes be able to carry out their sports activities in a healthy environment. The present study was carried out in order to examine the awareness status and sanitary and environmental interest among Sanandaj citizens and its relationship with the rate of their participation in physical activities.The statistical population included the outdoor and indoor sports spaces (a minimum of 250 m2) and the citizens of Sanandaj, Naysar, and Hasanabad. The study sample consisted of 22 sports places and 380 participating citizens. The sample size was determined based on the proportion of the society to the minimum required sample size with an appropriate error limit. Data collection tools included a researcher-designed questionnaire and two data collection forms. The reliability coefficient of the sports participation questionnaire was 0.743 and the reliability of the sanitary and environmental checklist was 0.952. Descriptive statistics was employed in order to analyze the collected data, and one sample t-test and Pearson Correlation Coefficient were used to analyze correlation using SPSS 20.0. The results of the present study indicated that the level of awareness of the environmental and sanitary status of the sports places among the citizens was favorable. However, there was no significant relationship between awareness and sanitary and environmental interest and the level of participation in physical activities among Sanandaj citizens (p = 0.601, r = 0.079 and p = 0.712, r = 0.11, respectively). Moreover, there was no significant relationship between the citizens’ participation in physical activities and demographic characteristics of gender and education level (p = 0.725, r = 0.31); however, it was significant between age and participation in physical activities (p = 0.008, r = 0.430). Therefore, according to the results of the present study, it is recommended that sports managers and planners of Sanandaj attempt to maintain and raise the citizens’ awareness of an interest in environmental and sanitary status of sports places and provide different age groups with various choices in order to motivate them to participate in sports activities.