Biotechnologia Acta

30-39

Authors: N. I. Aralova, O. M. Klyuchko, V. I. Mashkin, I. V. Mashkina, T. A. Semchyk

The aim of the work was to create a complex mathematical model simulating the course of the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the level of interaction between functional systems of organism and pharmacological correction of organism hypoxic states arising in the complicated course of the disease. In the present work the methods of mathematical modeling and theory of optimal control of moving objects were used. The proposed integrated mathematical model consisted on the mathematical models of functional systems of respiration and blood circulation, thermoregulation, immune response, erythropoesis, and pharmacological correction. Individual patient data were taken for this model, and the disturbing effect in the form of viral disease was simulated. The reactions of functional respiratory and blood circulatory systems were predicted. Partial pressures of respiratory gases in alveolar spaces and their tensions in lung capillaries blood, arterial and mixed venous blood, and tissue fluid were calculated. Further the intravenous injection of antihypoxant was simulated and the values of the same parameters were calculated. In such a way it was possible to choose the most optimal way of hypoxic state correction for any individual. This model is theoretical only for today because the models of respiratory and blood circulation systems were designed for the average person and it does not suppose peculiarities of individual persons infected with SARS-CoV-2. In particular, this concerns the peculiarities of gas exchange in the alveolar space and characteristics of respiratory gases diffusion through the alveolar-capillary and capillary-tissue membranes. However, it is one of possible directions for solving the complex tasks related to treatment of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. In the result of the work the complex of information support for the imitation of viral disease course was developed at the level of interaction of organism functional systems, as well as pharmacological correction of caused by it hypoxic states.

64-72

Authors: M. Kryvtsova, M. Hrytsyna, I. Salamon

Essential oils are widely used in beauty therapy, medicine and food industry, and they are considered to be a valuable consumer product. At the same time, the biochemical composition and properties of essential oils, including their antimicrobial activity, varies depending on the habitat, climatic conditions and plant chemotype. The purpose of our work was to study the qualitative and quantitative composition of essential oils and their antimicrobial properties, from Origanum vulgare plants harvested in eastern Slovakia and Lviv region, Ukraine. In the wild, O. vulgare L. were gathered in close vicinity of the village of Trostianets, Lviv region, Ukraine, in 2019. In Slovakia, the plants were grown by Agrokarpaty Company, Plavnica. Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation (2 hours) in a Clevenger apparatus, according to the European pharmacopoeia. The analysis of the biochemical properties of essential oils extracted from plant populations from Lviv region, showed that the contents of essential oils were within 0.35 ± 0.05%. The composition of essential oils shows that Origano vulgare L. plants from the natural population grown in Lviv region, belongs to the monoterpene chemotype. Monoterpene hydrocarbons α-terpinene and α-terpineol together accounted for 29‒33%, acyclic monoterpenes – β-myrcene – 7%, linalool – 4%, while the polyphenol compound p-cymene accounted for only 15%. The O. vulgare plants from Slovakia were characterised by the essential oil content of 0.15 to 0.50%, and the composition which allowed us to refer them to the carvacrol chemotype, with phenols as its main ingredients – carvacrol and thymol (together 71%), and isopropyltoluene (4.0%). Monoterpene hydrocarbons terpinene (5.0%) and terpineol alcohol (6.0%) jointly accounted for 11%; acyclic monoterpene mycrene – 3%; and sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene – 4,5%. Essntial oil from O. vulgare harvested in Slovakia demonstrated high antimicrobial activity against reference and clinical isolates of opportunistic microorganisms. Essential oil from the samples gathered in Lviv region, showed low antimicrobial activity. Thus, it has been shown that the reviewed plants referred to different chemotypes, which calls forth the prospect of the use of essential oils extracted from different plant chemotypes for different purposes, depending upon their biochemical composition and properties.

81-88

Authors: L. Sabliy, V. Zhukova

The work was aimed to study the processes of industrial wastewater purification of a pharmaceutical company treatment and to recommend an effective technology for local treatment of such wastewater in accordance with the requirements of normative documents on the treated wastewater disposal into the urban sewerage system. Model solutions of cefuroxime, a cephalosporin antibiotic, in distilled water with a concentration of 25 and 35 mg/dm3 were used for the study. COD model solutions, which is, respectively, 90 and 120 mg/dm3. Chemical oxygen demand was etermined by the dichromate method (according to the guiding normative document (GND) 211.1.4.021-95. “Methods for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Determining in Surface and Wastewater”). The proposed technology included the following successive processes of physical and chemical treatment of wastewater: aeration – equalization of quantitative and qualitative composition of wastewater and oxidation up to 30% of organic matter; coagulation – removing of antibiotics from wastewater by their adsorption on a highly developed surface of mineral coagulants flakes; sedimentation – separating of the formed flakes; oxidation of antibiotics destruction products by hydrogen peroxide; filtration – removal of fine impurities.Effect of COD reduction rate in the coagulation and setteling of wastewater in the case of ferrous sulphate III was 79.2% and 75%, which is higher by 4,2-6,7% than when using aluminum sulphate. The COD index changing of the pharmaceutical enterprise wastewater by the stages of its purification was found as follows: “aeration — coagulation with iron sulfate III — sedimentation — oxidation — filtration”. After filtering effect of reducing COD index was 95.8-100% at the initial value of 120 and 90 mg/dm3 respectively. The technology of local wastewater treatment from antibiotics was developed, which was based on the consistent use of physico-chemical methods of treatment and enabled to remove antibiotics and related substances from wastewater in accordance with the requirements of normative documents and disposal of treated wastewater into the urban wastewater system. Application of the developed technology of local wastewater treatment from antibiotics and related substances by the pharmaceutical companies would lead to meet the requirements of industrial wastewater disposal into the city drainage system, to a significant risk reduction of the antibiotics influence on the microorganisms of active sludge of the urban wastewater biological treatment facilities, to operating costs reduction to achieve maximum allowable discharges (MAD) of wastewater into a natural reservoir.