Biotechnologia Acta

5-18

Authors: Pirog T. P., Kliuchka I. V., Kliuchka L. V.

This review summarizes the published data and own results concerning synergism of antimicrobial activity of essential oils with antibiotics against bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae, genera Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter; with synthetic antifungal drug fluconazole, against yeast genus Candida; with surfactants of microbial origin, against bacterial and yeast test cultures. The synergistic effect of the complex of essential oils with antibiotics, enzymes, surfactants, etc. on biofilms was considered as well. Mixing essential oils with other biocides allowed to significantly decrease the minimum inhibitory concentrations of each component. The probability of emerging resistance to antibiotics is also reduced in the pathogenic bacteria and yeasts due to the antimicrobial action of essential oils that caused the dysfunction of cellular membrane of microorganisms. The prospects of implementing complex essential oils with antibiotic nisin in the food industry, and with other antibiotics in veterinary medicine are discussed.

27-33

Authors: Kryvtsova M., Bobryk N., Simon L

The aim of the work was to study the soil agrochemical indices, soil microbiocoenosis, in case of growing of energy cultures and based on the mineralization coefficient, to make a conclusion on the speed of mineralization processes in the soils under study. In conditions of continuous field experiment (2011‒2016), the dynamics of soil microbial associations was studied for willow (Salix triandra x Salix viminalis 'Inger') cultivation with application of experimental fertilizers of different types. In the research fertilizers there were used sulfuric urea, municipal biocompost, municipal sewage sludge compost, rhyolite tuff and willow ash. The soil microbiotic communities analysis was conducted by the method of serial dilutions of soil suspension with the use of differentially diagnostic nutrient media: meat-peptone agar, starch-ammonium agar, Ashby medium, potato agar, Czapek Dox medium, starvation agar, Ploskirev medium. The direction of the microbiological processes in the soils determined. According to the results, it was established that the most promising for the purpose of improving the metabolic activitiof the soil (in the growth of energy willow) is a municipal sewage sludge compost and a municipal biocompost. In case of the use of municipal sewage sludge compost, the number of intestinal bacteria, ammonifiers, micromycetes and actinomycetes was doubled as compared with the control. In case of the use of municipal biocompost, the levels of microscopic fungi and cellulolytic bacteria doubled, and those of intestinal bacteria and pedotrophs tripled as compared with the control. While calculating the mineralization/immobilization index, it was shown that the most significant deviation from the control plot was found in the rhyolite tuff treated soil – a decrease by 6 times, and in case of willow ash by 2.3 times, which proved the inhibition of mineralization of the organic substances in the soil.

42-49

Authors: Rashidova А. M., Babazadeh, S. N. Mammedkhanova V. V., Abiyeva E. Sh.

The aim of the work was to study the dynamics activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; EC 1.1.1.27), aconitase (AH; EC 4.2.1.3), NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase (MDH; EC 1.1.1.37), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH; EC 1.3.99.1) in homogenates and sub-fractions of brain structures of rat prenatally endured hypoxia at the organogenesis stage (in 11−15 days of development) and their role in the formation of compensatory - adaptive mechanisms in brain in postnatal ontogenesis. It was revealed that increasing of lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activity (P<0.001; P<0.01, correspondently) in the brain structures of the rats prevented metabolic disturbances in the regulation mechanisms of biosynthetic and bioenergetics processes in the brain. It has been shown that prenatal hypoxia upregulates aconitase activity in postnatal development and this process, probably, has a reversible character (P<0.01), the highest indices of succinate dehydrogenase activity were noticed in the hypothalamus and cerebellum of 30-day-old rat as compared to the other structures (P<0.001). Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that hypoxia at the stage of organogenesis leads to a change in the energy supply process of the brain structures and, possibly, is irreversible. Analysis of changes in the enzymatic system in ontogenesis allows us to identify adaptation mechanisms and to assess the dynamics of changes in enzyme activity when the functional state changes, which make it possible to identify adaptive reserves of enzymes LDH, AH, MDH and SDH in brain exposed to hypoxia.

57-64

Authors: Spiridonov V.H., Ushkalov V.O, Chernyshenko T.M., Kolesnikova I.M.,

The aim of the research was to find out the clot formation by the action of chitin derivates. The biochemical and immunologic investigation methods such as obtaining of fibrinogen, chitosan derivates, electrophoresis in PAAG, Western blot analysis, ELISE, the activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time coagulological tests were used in these studies. The next results were obtained: chitin derivatives in equal measure cause the clot formation in whole blood, blood plasma and fibrinogen solution; the fibrinogen precipitate formed as a result of their action, practically does not contain fibrin; chitosan does not cause the activation of coagulation factors and the absence of newly-formed fibrin confirms it; the addition of calcium chloride to fibrinogen solution in concentration-dependent manner inhibits effect of chitosan. Thus, under the action of chitosan, a fibrinogen precipitate forms due to the destabilization of its molecule by the lack of calcium. Absence of fibrin degradation products excludes the possibility of the fibrinolytic system activation and physiological degradation of the clot. It makes no sense to use haemostatic drugs based on chitosan in clinical practice.