Biotechnologia Acta

5-26

Authors: Klyuchko O.M., Aralova A.A., Aralova N.I.

The purpose of the work was to analyze data about the construction of electronic automated work places for organization of more perfect ones for biotechnology. Methods of program and mathematic simulation, imitation modeling were used for these works. The information about some prototypes of electronic automated work places constructed for biology and linked sciences in Ukraine during the last 25–30 years was discussed. The results of some automated work places constructed by the authors were presented. In conclusion the observed experience was summarized and the set of recommendations for its practical implementation were done.

46-55

Authors: M. M. Marchenko, I. V. Dorosh, L. M. Cheban

The aim of the study was to develop the biotechnology approach for obtaining secondary carotenoids of green microalgae Desmodesmus armatus (Chod.) Hegew. under conditions of two-stage cultivation on waste water from recirculating aquaculture system in response to the action of inducers of different origin. By chemical nature, secondary carotenoids are C40-ketocarotinoids - intermediates of enzymatic oxidation of β-carotene to astaxanthin. The study presents the conditions for cultivation of D. armatus on the waste water from the recirculating aquaculture system by a two-stage accumulation process, where conditions for rapid growth of biomass were created at the first stage, and the biosynthesis of the target product was induced by the introduction of carotenoid biosynthesis precursors (C6H12O6, CH3COONa), promoters of free radical oxidation (FeSO4 / H2O2) or osmotic stress (NaCl) into the nutrient medium. It was shown that the first phase of cultivation was characterized by high growth and productive indices: the amount of biomass was up to 13 g/l, the content of total proteins was 37.9 %, lipids – 26 % and total carotenoids – 7.5 % per gram of dry biomass. Among carotenoids, the presence of zeaxanthin, lutein, β-carotene, insignificant amounts of astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, esters of adonixanthin and astaxanthin were detected. The features of the adaptive response of D. armatus to the influence of factors that induce secondary carotenogenesis are established. Among them is retention of the number of cells or doubling of their number during the use of chemical activators. Decrease in the activity of cytochrome oxidase as an indicator of the metabolic activity of the culture. Thus, the possibility of increasing the content of β-carotene and astaxanthin in D. armatus biomass, essential for fish and crustaceans, by introducing promoters of free radical oxidation and osmotic stress NaCl (200 mM) or Fe2+ (200 mM) and H2O2 (10–4 mM) into the waste water from RAS in the second phase of cultivation was established. Metabolic disbalance in D. armatus cells, which were observed under the influence of chemical factors, led to a redistribution of the main nutrients profile. Biosynthesis and accumulation of lipids were activated against the background of intensive carotenogenesis.

63-70

Authors: M. Gahramanova, 2, R. Dovhyi, M. Rudyk, O. Molozhava, V. Svyatetska, L. Skivka

The aim of the work was to explore phytochemical characteristics of water extract from polyherbal composition based on P. oleracea and it’s effect on oxidative metabolism of murine peritoneal macrophages. The qualitative phytochemical analysis was conducted by colorimetric method. Quantitative analysis of phenols was performed in the test with gallic acid as a standard. Murine peritoneal macrophages were isolated without previous sensitization. Leukotoxicity of the water extract from polyherbal composition leukotoxicity was evaluated in MTT test. Reactive oxygen species generation was assayed by the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction method. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of water-soluble and insoluble phenols, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and coumarins in the studied plant mixture. The water extract from polyherbal composition used in a range of concentration 1–1000 μg/ml (lyophilisate in distilled H2O) didn’t exhibit any toxic effects on murine peritoneal macrophages. Water extract from polyherbal composition caused statistically significant dose-dependent increase in oxidative metabolism of murine peritoneal suggest modulatory effect of studied water extract from polyherbal composition on innate immunity cells.

79-87

Authors: O. V. Kyrychenko

The aim of the work was to estimate the action efficiency of pre-sowing soybean seed bacterization with complex inoculants based on Bradyrhizobium japonicum 634b and Azotobacter chroococcum Т79 under influence of phytolectins in vegetation conditions. It was shown, that during all vegetation period the soybean plants formed vegetative mass more actively: (in 1.2–1.5 times) above-ground part and in 1.2–1.7 times root system by the the complex seed bacterization as compared to the mono-inoculation. There is a direct dependence of soybean vegetative height on the functional (nitrogen-fixing) ability of the symbioses. Advantages of the application of complex compositions for intensification of beans formations (more early terms of reproductive organs forming, greater amount of beans on plants with their mass, exceeding control in 1.1–1.7 time) are shown. The middle increase of soybean harvest to control made from 13% (binary bacterial composition on basis of rhizobium and azotobacter) to 21% (polycomposition on basis of rhizobium and azotobacter activated by the wheat lectin). The compositions based on rhizobium activated by the soybean lectin provided 18% increased seed harvest. Polycomposition containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria activated by appropriate plants lectins led to the 19% increased harvest. It is shown that the harvest increased with higher values of almost all indexes of its structure. The compositions based on rhizobia and azotobacter activated by wheat lectin as well as the compositions based on rhizobia activated by soybean lectin are the most productive for practical use to increase the soybean yield.