Biotechnologia Acta

5-28

Authors: O. M. Klyuchko

The purpose of the present work was to alalyse the prototypes of information expert systems, their structure, functions and practical application, and to develop a new one for solving practical problems in biotechnology, laboratory practice and environmental protection. The observed prototypes were developed for the use in genetic studies, agricultural production, nature protection from pests and environmental pollutants, for works in medicine, and etc. During the work, following methods were used such as methods of comparative research of the samples of technical devices, imitation and program modeling, which were based on numerical results obtained in experiments with the recording of chemosensitive transmembrane electrical currents in neurons in voltage clamp mode. As a result, an original expert system was developed. It was coupled with a detector group, databases and interface. The developed expert system was able to distinguish automatically the certain types of chemicals at the input, to display their identification data and, if necessary, the reports about their harmfulness. Conclusions were done about the practical value of these data for the elaboration of new electronic expert systems for monitoring the presence of harmful substances in the environment. It was also discussed the possibility of developed expert system application for new methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis of some organic compounds.

39-46

Authors: A. V. Kotinskyi, A. I. Salyuk, S. A. Zhadan

The aim of the work was to study the impact of glycine on Spirulina growth and photosynthetic processes intensity. For research the culture of Spirulina platensis (Gom.) Geitl cyanobacterium strain LGU — 603 from collection of Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine was used. The cultivation process was carried out in Zaruk nutrient medium in a vertical tubular apparatus of 8 cm in diameter and of volume 2 dm3 in a constant mixing of the culture medium with air. Introduction of glycine in a cultural environment resulted in the increase of the Spirulina productivity, maintenance of basic photosynthetic pigments and protein. Glycine introduction allowed to increase the growth rate of spirulina and to content achieve the high density of the culture due to the increased length of log-phase. Intensification of Spirulina platensis growth and its productivity increase was due to the fragmentation of cyanobacteria trichomes, so the increase of trichomes number with a small number of cells, which grow quickly. The degree of fragmentation depended on the concentration of introduced glycine and on the culture development stadium and also on introduced glycine concentration.

55-66

Authors: I. A. Blaydа, N. Yu. Vasylieva, T. V. Vasylieva, L. I. Sliusarenko, O. I. Dzhambek

The aim of the work was to optimize the process of bacterial desulfurization of energy coal, namely, to determine the influence of the component composition of the nutrient medium and the conditions of the process, which ensure the maximal development and activity of the aboriginal association of acidophilic chemolithotrophic bacteria and, as a consequence, the maximal index of sulfur decrease in coal in minimal time. We used the method of mathematical planning of the experiment adapted to the plan in Greek-Latin squares. The calculations in this approach are based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The formal planning of experiments has been carried out with four operating factors (nutrient medium components) at four levels (concentrations). The calculations were performed in Excel. The selection of operating factors and their combinations was made with the usage of unifactor ANOVA, correlation analysis and the method of principal components PCA. Researches were carried out in R 3.4.0 program and were founded on data of the preliminary evaluating experiments. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Coal 17 aboriginal strain was used to obtain the most significant desulfurization effect. This strain was isolated from the investigated coal, studied and identified. The significance of the factor level for each nutrient medium component was analyzed using the Duncan’s multiple range test, the uniformity of the variances was examined with the Cochran’s test, and the significance of the factors was tested by the Fisher’s criterion. As a result, for the optimal nutrient medium the next combination of factors and their levels, which corresponds to the composition, g/dm3, was recommended: (NH4)2SO4 — 0.15; K2HPO4 — 0.50; FeSO4.7H2O — 44.0; KCl — 0.10; MgSO4·7H2O — 0.10; Ca(NO3)2 — 0.10; yeast extract — 0.025% (vol.); strain A. ferrooxidans Coal 17 (titre 1·108 CFU/ml) — 1.60% (vol.). This makes it possible to reduce the sulfur content in coal by 66.31% in a short period (seven days). This result could not be got before.

73-81

Authors: O. B. Tashyrev, I. B. Sioma, G. O. Tashyreva, V. M. Hovorukha

The aim of the research was to develop theoretic principles of an efficient biotechnology for microbial purification of concentrated sewage filtrate from a wide range of organic and non-organic compounds, and experimentally confirmed these principles. The experiment combined conventional microbiological, physical and chemical methods in which ten different types of solid carriers, both natural and artificial, were used. A comparative analysis of these types of solid carriers used in the flow system and a structured evaluation of treatment parameters was provided. The obtaining results demonstrated the effectiveness of the use of approach sewage microbial purification in a flow system. Developed principles can be used as a basis for new efficient biotechnologies for sewage microbial purification.