Biotechnologia Acta

5-17

Authors: O.M. Klyuchko

The purpose of present research was to analyze modern methods of processing biological images implemented before storage in databases for biotechnological purposes. The databases further were incorporated into web-based digital systems. Examples of such information systems were described in the work for two levels of biological material organization; databases for storing data of histological analysis and of whole brain were described. Methods of neuroimaging processing for electronic brain atlas were considered. It was shown that certain pathological features can be revealed in histological image processing. Several medical diagnostic techniques (for certain brain pathologies, etc.) as well as a few biotechnological methods are based on such effects. Algorithms of image processing were suggested. Electronic brain atlas was conveniently for professionals in different fields described in details. Approaches of brain atlas elaboration, “composite” scheme for large deformations as well as several methods of mathematic images processing were described as well.

28-34

Authors: Kharchuk M.S., Gromozova E.N.

Microorganisms that contain the polyphosphates volutin granules take active part in phosphorus and heavy metals removal from the wastewater. The metachromatic reaction is a simple cytochemical method for the detection of these granules. The objective of current research was to study the metachromatic reaction of inorganic polyphosphate with Methylene Blue dye in combination with other components of wastewater (proteins, carbohydrates, metal ions) in vitro. It was demonstrated that manifestation of metachromatic coloration depends on the polyphosphate concentration and to a lesser extent, on its chain length. Glucose did not influence metachromasy reaction. At the same time, calcium ions and bovine serum albumin, depending on their concentration, stimulated or inhibited the metachromatic color of the test solutions. Bovine serum albumin, in contrast to calcium ions, had a lesser effect on metachromasy. Thus, the abundant accumulation of polyphosphates and metal cations (as we demonstrated with of Ca2+ ions), in microorganisms of activated sludge not always accompanied by a pronounced reaction of metachromasy of the volutin granules. In this regard, the use of other cytochemical methods for the identification of polyphosphate granules is recommended, for example, staining with fluorescent dye 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI).

45-52

Authors: I. V. Pereima, T. V. Ivanova

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the optimal nutritional conditions for macromycetes micelles of the Pleurotaceae family. The factors influencing mycelium growth on the example of two species of Pleurotus were investigated. To determine the effects of nutrient components five variants of agar medium were used, containing:potato, sweet potato, yam, oak bark and malt extractswith the addition of peptone and glucose. The pure culture of Pleurotus species, in the form of agarics blocks, was placed on the nutrient media. Hyphae germination was observed on the eighth day of incubation. The temperature influence was evaluated in the range from 16 to 36 °C. The maximum growth of mycelium of both species was observed at a temperature of 28 °С. It was determined that nutrient media containing potato, sweet potato, yam and malt extracts with the addition of glucose and peptone were the most favorable for growth of mycelium of oyster mushroom. They all had mandatory presence of a source of carbohydrates — glucose. At the same time, the media containing extracts of oak, yam, and partially of potato extract, were optimal for the growth of maple oyster. According to the experiment, the mycelial growth efficiency of the maple oyster was much higherin comparison to the oyster mushroom 1.

61-68

Authors: S. O. Syrchin, А. K. Pavlychenko, L. Т. Nakonechna, O. M. Yurieva, M. Kurchenko

The aim of the work was to optimize the hydrolysis conditions of wheat straw by complex enzyme preparation from Fennellia sp. 2806 with endo-, exoglucanase, xylanase and β-glucosidase activities. Bioconversion of wheat straw was carried out by an enzyme preparation obtained from the culture filtrate of Fennellia sp. 2806. The two methods of statistical optimization of the experiment — the Plackett-Burman (determination of significant factors) and Box-Behnken (determination of optimal values of defined significant factors) methods were used consequentially to optimize the hydrolysis conditions. Endo-, exoglucanase, xylanase and β-glucosidase activities were assayed in enzyme preparation. Reducing sugars were determined by the modified Bertrand method. As a result of two-stage optimization of the bioconversion process of wheat straw by enzyme preparation from Fennellia sp. 2806, it was found that the highest reducing sugars values were formed at temperature 50 ºC, pH 5.0, substrate concentration 100 mg/ml, endoglucanase activity — 0.012 u/mg substrate, process duration — 18 h and pre-treatment by 4.5% alkali solution with further exposure to a microwave irradiation 6 W/g WS for 10 min. So it was established that temperature, pH, substrate concentration, pre-treatment of wheat straw by alkali solution and microwave irradiation were the significant factors for the hydrolysis process of substrate by enzyme preparation from Fennellia sp. 2806. Reducing sugars concentration was increased 1.5–2.0 times compared with the results obtained for the native wheat straw.