Khristianstvo na blizhnem Vostoke

5-33

Authors: Ekaterina V. Smirnova

Through the period of the late 19th to the early 20th century steps undertaken by the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society (IOPS) to expand schooling activities were closely connected with Russian — Arab collaboration. The Teachers’ Training School in Nazareth was founded in order to provide IOPS primary schools with qualified pedagogical staff. A Syrian graduate from Russian theological school A.G. Kazma took charge of the Nazareth Teachers’ Training School. He both taught and ran the school, he also did his best to help Russian teachers to integrate into academic activities. Since the Russian teachers didn’t speak Arabic very well their teaching was not very effective. In addition to this communicative mishap there was also lack of service benefits as well as unsuitable living conditions. All the above mentioned factors led to staff turnover which drastically affected educational process. Granting service benefits to the personnel stabilized and enhanced teaching standards. Inspections of Senator N.M. Anichkov and Syrian professor M.O. Attaya to the Middle East contributed to identifying and gradual removal of faults. They participated in teachers conventions where new curriculum and syllabus were drafted, an expanded list of manuals and their translation deadline were set. Due to consolidated effort of school Inspectors, superintendent Kazma and school pedagogical staff, approved documents were introduced into educational process. Since better work conditions put an end to staff turnover of Russian teachers as well as Arabs qualified in Russia were recruited, expansion of educational opportunities became possible and Russian-Arab collaboration became more productive.

55-82

Authors: Irina Yu. Smirnova

Based on materials from the personal fund of A.N. Muravyov (Research Department of Manuscripts of the Russian State Library 188), the article analyzes the activities of the Archbishop of Mount Sinai and Ecumenical Patriarch Constantius I of Constantinople (1768–1859) and his role in the interchurch relations of the Eastern Patriarchates with the Most Holy Governing Synod. Particular attention is paid to the participation of Constantius I of Constantinople in discussions with representatives of Russia, France and Great Britain on the eve of the Crimean War in the midst of a dispute over the holy places of Palestine.

112-136

Authors: Christin E. Bøsterud

Within Reformed paradigm research, increased light has been cast on matters of gender equality as particularly expressed in the theological field of ethics. In the article, focus is lent to the central philosophical ethical schools of thought, both secular and Christian, with particular aim to explain a Reformed ethics suitable for scripturally based feminist studies. An overview of the historical-philosophical foundations is established for scaffolding the connection between secular and Christian schools of thought. It is demonstrated how neutrality or value-free ethical principles are nonexisting, and the presentation includes and illustrates pivotal value aspects, particularly within the context of feminist research. It is illustrated how a constructive ethical approach, acceptable for Reformed utilisation is based on Christian attitudes of obedient servantship to God, as explained through four key cornerstones of: love, stewardship, self-denial and obedience to God, an approach that is pertinent related to gender equality topics. It is outlined how Reformed ethics is built on the theological foundation of Luther and Calvin, further developed by Zwingli, as undergirded by the positive objectives shared through God’s law, through God’s grace, and the effects on Christian life. Such deontological foundations presuppose the possibility of free choice, as requisite for judgement in the Eschaton. A taxonomic overview of key Christian ethical vantage points is given, and a useful Reformed ethics for application in feminist studies is concluded. The established model is further connected to central Reformed paradigmatic positions on gender ethics and equality.

155-165

Authors: Agustinus Pratisto Trinarso

This research aimed to find the moral nature of culture from Arek Suroboyo continues to examine using theory of Nicomachean ethic. Arek culture is Javanese sub-culture which centred in Surabaya and has not been widely studied. One of the studies that needed is ethic which study to trying understanding the basic elements in the Arek culture morality as it seen in several moral phenomena in the society. Nicomachean ethic used to emphasize relevance ethic of Arek in order to prosperity and joy of the society. The data collection implemented through interview with the expert and literature sources. From this research found several advantage and disadvantage of Arek Suroboyo ethic, especially the lack of balance between cognitive reasoning and affective consideration in giving the assessment or decision morally. One of the solutions is ethic campaign take advantage of the ethical nature of Arek Suroboyo which is including local moral figures and popular community leaders in Surabaya citizen. Except, it is suggested the moral education of Maieutics model in order creates the new generation with good moral autonomy as the effort to return the morality wave which reverse the tide of increasingly skewed morality to the pragmatic-economic values which opposite with the humanity