Vestnik of Vitebsk State Technological University

11-21

Authors: Natalia Akindinova, Zhana Tsikhanava

The article highlights the development of new universal and technology-based structures of tapestry fabrics. The aim of this work is to develop new tapestry structures allowing to exclude the labor-intensive operations of beaming, punching, and warp binding which are typical for tapestry weaving in order to reduce production costs and ensure prompt changes to the assortment of linen-containing clothing fabrics without losing the quality of their artistic design. The object of the study is the tapestry structures of linen-containing jacquard fabrics with the area density of 230–375 g/m2. For the first time, new structures of tapestry fabrics have been developed which have no analogues in the world practice. The warps of two colours – light and dark – located on two monophonic beams – upper and lower – are used. Thanks to this, it is possible to eliminate the time-consuming process of binding and punching multicoloured bases, to provide greater interchangeability of the assortment in weaving, to reduce the time required for producing fabrics with new tapestry structures, to reduce the production costs and increase enterprise profit.

32-38

Authors: Valery Bashmetau, Alexander Korob

The experimental investigations of manufacturing conditions and cotton plain fabric properties were conducted under the production conditions of Baranovichi Cotton Production Amalgamation on the shuttleless loom STB. Influence of the spade size position of the loom main shaft on the parameters of beating-up process (beating-up stripe, shed angle), on the fabric indices (warp and weft density, weft and warp shrinkage), and also on the fabric breaking properties and the weft and warp yarns extracted from the fabric was determined. The recommendations on the spade size setting are given for reducing the warp yarns breakage and raw materials consumption during the cotton fabric production.

51-62

Authors: Pavel Dzerkachenka, Vilia Borozna, Alexander Burkin

The article is devoted to the development of an express method for assessing the form stability of the heel of a shoe, which makes it possible to eliminate the existing shortcomings of the assessment method according to GOST 9135-2004 "Shoes. Method for determining the total and permanent deformation of the toe and heel". The proposed method for rapid assessment of the form stability of the shoe toe and heel allows to quickly and reliably evaluate this indicator both during the production and the use products, as well as to study the dependence of the deformation of the heel of various shoe models on the load value. Comparative studies of the form stability of the heel of the shoe according to the developed methods and GOST 9135-2004 have shown the coincidence of the test results and the adoption of the hypothesis of equality of variances. When testing the static dimensional stability of the shoe heel according to the new methods, no shortcomings inherent in the method described in GOST 9135-2004 were revealed. That is, we can conclude that the values obtained by the developed methods are more objective. This allows us to state that their use for testing the dimensional stability of the heel of a shoe is more expedient. The object of research is samples of men's, women's and children's shoes for the autumn-spring and summer seasons. Results of the work are an express method and a device for assessing the form stability of the shoe heel. The field of application of the results is the shoe industry. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the proposed express method and device for assessing the form stability of the shoe heel allows to quickly and reliably evaluate this indicator both in production and during the use of the products, as well as to study the dependence of the deformation of the heel of various shoe models on the magnitude of the loading.

72-82

Authors: Anatoli Alshanski, Alexej Marushchak

The article presents a new method for calculating the drying process of fabrics based on the A. Lykov’s and G. Filonenko’s equations of drying kinetics. Experimental data on convective and convective-radiation drying of various fabrics are processed. The equations are given for determining the densities of heat fluxes, the intensity of moisture evaporation, and the temperature for the period of falling drying rate. The equations for determining the duration of drying of fabrics are presented. The values of heat transfer coefficients and Bio numbers for different tissues are calculated. It is shown that the number of Bio when drying fabrics is less than one, and the main limiting factor is the external heat and moisture exchange of the surface of evaporation of moisture from the surface of the material with the environment. Verification of the reliability of the obtained computational equations and comparison of the calculated values with the experimental ones are presented. The mismatch values are within the acceptable limits of the accuracy of the experiment and processing.

94-106

Authors: Nikolay Popok, Siarhei Partsianka

The article describes the main structural elements and the scheme of forming block-modular milling cutters, analyzes the forms of body modules and chip-removing grooves, as well as the methods of manufacturing milling cutters. The technological route of 3D printing of blocks of tool and body modules and the technological scheme of assembling milling cutters are presented. There is an assessment of the compliance of the parameters of the accuracy of the dimensions of the models of milling cutters specified in the drawing, and recommendations for the use of plastic materials for the production of models of milling cutters.

115-123

Authors: Aliaksandr Hrachanikau, Andrej Kovchur, Vasil Patotski, Ivan Tsimanov, Aliaksandra Liatas

The purpose of the presented work is to study the influence of chemical water treatment deposits in the raw material on physical and mechanical properties of paving tiles and technological parameters of their production. Preliminary studies conducted on the use of technogenic products of the energy complex (precipitation of chemical water treatment of thermal power plants) as additives in the production of clinker ceramic materials showed that their use does not impair the quality of the final product. On Obolsky Ceramic Plant prototypes of ceramic clinker paving tiles (ceramic clinker bricks) were produced with additives of technogenic products of the energy complex (precipitation of chemical water treatment). Addition of precipitation of chemical water treatment in the amount of 2 % of weight allows to reduce the burning temperature of articles by 40–60 °C without deterioration of physical and mechanical properties of the article, which is important in terms of energy saving and will lead to reduction of cost of ceramic products. Studies of the physical and mechanical properties of the prototypes showed that ceramic clinker tiles (ceramic clinker bricks) with the addition of technogenic products of the energy complex (precipitation of chemical water treatment of thermal power plants) comply with STB 1787-2007. Based on the results of the studies performed at Obolsky Ceramic Plant, specifications for ceramic clinker tiles and technological regulations for their manufacture are developed.

132-141

Authors: Anton Kotovich, Andrej Kovchur, Andrej Kliment'ev, Pavel Manak

The design object is the technology of ceramic brick production. The article discusses the technology for the production of ceramic bricks and their manufacture with the addition of various burnout additives. It shows the effect of the use of burnout additives, a decrease in the amount of burnt natural gas, and a decrease in energy costs. The proposed approach to the production of ceramic products for construction purposes can significantly reduce the consumption of natural gas at the stage of firing products by adding various burnable additives to the charge. An experiment was carried out on an experimental batch of ceramic bricks and its results were analyzed. As the result of the study , the effectiveness of this production method is proven. The field of application of the results is the brick manufacturing industry. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the feasibility of using this method of producing ceramic bricks from the point of view of reducing the consumption of natural gas at the stage of firing products without reducing their physical and mechanical properties has been determined.

148-157

Authors: Viktor Shut, Andrei Kuznetsov, Sergey Mozzharov, Igor Yadroitsev, Ina Yadroitseva

In this work, a short review on methods for the synthesis of ultrafine powders of micron- and submicron size is presented. A sonoelectrochemical method was used for the synthesis of Cu powder. It is shown that this technique is quite simple, economical and environmentally friendly. Influence of parameters of the process on the particle size distribution and morphology of copper powder is studied. The resulting powder can be used for in-situ alloying in laser powder bed fusion and as an antibacterial filler.

168-184

Authors: Alena Vankevich, Stanislav Gorovoj, Iryna Kalinouskaya

In modern conditions, special attention is paid to the issue of effective youth employment due to the tenser state of the youth labour market and the vulnerable position of university graduates. In these conditions, the main direction of the implementation of the youth employment policy is to increase its competitiveness on the labour market, which is achieved through the formation of the in-demand skills and competencies. In many countries, systems for predicting the skills in demand to ensure growth in labor productivity have been formed and are successfully functioning. For Belarus, it is of practical interest to use contemporary models and technologies for forecasting the labour market in terms of determining the competencies demanded by employers. This approach will allow to make adjustments to the training of specialists, create the basis for the formation of an effective youth employment policy and ensure a qualitative growth in labour productivity in the national economy. The purpose of the study is to develop directions for increasing the efficiency of youth employment and employment of graduates of educational institutions, based on modern methods of analysis and forecasting of skills and competencies demanded by employers using technologies for tracking employment of graduates and the Big Data analysis. The article analyses the main indicators of the labour market in Belarus, its features and disadvantages are highlighted. It is concluded that it is necessary to switch to new sources of growth in labour productivity through the formation of new skills and competencies. Studied and summarized the foreign experience of ensuring the growth of labour productivity by predicting the in-demand skills, as well as the possibility of using it in Belarus. Particular attention is paid to determining the required competencies by tracking the employment of graduates. Such research will determine the skill set that is required for successful employment of graduates and adjust curricula and programs in this context. Taken together, this will expand the complex of implemented measures of the youth employment policy aimed at effective employment and the anchoring of graduates in the workplace.

201-215

Authors: Vera Komarova, Iveta Mietule, Iluta Arbidane

The aim of this research is to find a scientifically argued and terminologically correct empirical answer to the research question: does the state of transport development of a territory influence its productivity and efficiency? The scientific and practical significance of this research consists of investigating a territory from the point of view of its transport development and proving that in the modern world the transport ways’ density/1000 km2, which is traditionally considered one of the indicators of the economic development of a territory, is not a determinant of its efficiency. Nowadays it is much more important to integrate the territory into international transport networks and especially – to introduce new technologies and innovative solutions into its transport sector, which improve the quality of transport infrastructure and services. Methods of the empirical analysis. The authors conducted a linear regression analysis, in which the independent variables are the main categories of this research – productivity and efficiency of a territory. In turn, the dependent variables are three indicators of the state of transport development of a territory (the level of transportization of a territory, the level of transport internationalization of a territory and the quality of transport sector in a territory). Then, the relationship between productivity, efficiency, indicators of the state of transport development of a territory, and its environmental effectiveness was measured using correlation analysis. Sources of empirical information. The authors used empirical data from the World Economic Forum's (WEF) Global Competitiveness Report 2018, as well as data from the International Union of Railways and the World Factbook for 137 countries. The results of the empirical analysis show that only the level of transportization of a territory is the engine of its productivity, but this factor does not influence the efficiency of a territory in the modern world. In turn, two other indicators of the state of transport development of a territory have a statistically significant effect on the efficiency of a territory. In addition, the level of transportization of the countries of the world, especially the density of railways and highways, strongly and in inverse proportion correlates with the ecological effectiveness of a territory, increasing the "environmental footprint" of a territory.

232-245

Authors: Tatyana Odintsova

The issues of regional sustainable development get much relevance in the context of external environment uncertainty and novel social progress trends; therefore, they become a subject of investigation for a large number of scientists and practitioners. Strategizing is a major condition for providing the sustainability of such development. Accordingly, it requires appropriate informational, analytical and methodological support for any region, and especially for a territory whose livelihoods are affected by international restrictive measures. The objective of the article is to analyse the impact of sanctions restrictions on the vital activity of the region, the specifics of strategizing its sustainable development in appropriate conditions, and to develop recommendations for the formation of a strategy.