Current Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences

116-120

Authors: Megha Kadam

Zika virus is an arbovirus in the flavivirus family. Zika virus was discovered in a seninel monkey in Uganda in 1947. Consequently this virus was detected over the year in Africa and Asia. Human to human transmission of zika virus was described in the USA, from a scientist who contracted the infection in Senegal in 2008. Zika virus is an emerging pathogen and the point of this analysis is to highlight its epidemiology clinical feature, and molecular biology. The discoveries of zika virus demonstrate involvement with the other related viruses that are more pathogenic. Although zika virus is a relatively non lethal virus. It is potentially dangerous as it is genetically associated to more virulent and perilous viruses: yellow fever, West Nile, dengue, and Japanese, encephalitis, it could conceivably mutate into a more pathogenic form.

124-135

Authors: Raghavendra Kumar Gunda, J N Suresh Kumar, V Satyanarayana, G Swarupa Rani, G Venkateswarlu

The main objective of present research work is to formulate the floating tablets of Carvedilol Phosphate using 32 factorial design. Carvedilol Phosphate, non-selective α1-β1-blocking agent belongs to BCS Class-II and Indicated for treatment of Hypertension/moderate Heart Failure. The Floating tablets of Carvedilol Phosphate were prepared employing different concentrations of HPMCK100M and Sodium bicarbonate in different combinations by Direct Compression technique using 32 factorial design. The concentration of HPMCK100M and Sodium bicarbonate required to achieve desired drug release was selected as independent variables, X1 and X2 respectively whereas, time required for 10% of drug dissolution (t10%), 50% (t50%), 75% (t75%) and 90% (t90%) were selected as dependent variables. Totally nine formulations were designed and are evaluated for hardness, friability, thickness, % drug content, Floating Lag time, In-vitro drug release. From the Results concluded that all the formulation were found to be with in the Pharmacopoeial limits and the In-vitro dissolution profiles of all formulations were fitted in to different Kinetic models, the statistical parameters like intercept (a), slope (b) & regression coefficient (r) were calculated. Polynomial equations were developed for t10%, t50%, t75%, t90%. Validity of developed polynomial equations were verified by designing 2 check point formulations (C1, C2). According to SUPAC guidelines the formulation (F8) containing combination of 25% HPMCK100M and 3.75% Sodium bicarbonate, is the most similar formulation (similarity factor f2=88.801, dissimilarity factor f1= 2.250 & No significant difference, t= 0.095) to marketed product (CARDIVAS). The selected formulation (F8) follows Higuchi’s kinetics, and the mechanism of drug release was found to be Non-Fickian Diffusion (n= 1.035, Super Case-II transport).