History and Historians in the Context of the Time

74-81

Authors: Nadezhda O. Bleikh

On the basis of underutilized documentary material in the article analyses the role of material culture of the highlanders wartime (XIII - XVIII centuries), includes weapons and defensive structures. It says that all Caucasian people have thought through a clear system of defense against not only external enemies, but also his countrymen, encouraged by the raids of the feudal elite, need, and personal prowess. So there in the Caucasus almost none of the village, above the buildings which did not dominate combat or residential towers, and on the adjacent territory had defensive walls and customs gate, the cave (rock) fortifications and fortresses, castle complexes of the type. It is proved that the fortification culture of the Caucasian peoples had their characteristic genetic link with empirical housing and therefore was an all positive achievements of ethnic architecture. It is his creative activity, vividly reflected in the monuments of history and culture lived in the territory of the peoples.

87-92

Authors: Razhabat M. Gichibekovа

In article on the basis of little-known materials are analyzed relations of the Russian Empire with the world of Islam, which have a long history. It is proved that the logic of development that dominated Russian politics XVI-XIX centuries has resulted in a dramatic expansion of the country's borders to the South and East have entered into its composition significant areas with large Muslim populations. The vast number of Royal officials were aware that quantitatively and qualitatively increasing the mass of the adherents of Islam have kept, and will continue to maintain the Sharia, and change something in this direction, "the weakening of Islam" is almost impossible, although attempts to undermine the influence of Islam within the Empire did not stop the authorities until the revolution of 1917, the conclusions that all attempts autocracy to predispose to itself the Muslim world in the Caucasus have not yielded tangible results. The Islamic religion was a strong influence on the internal situation in the Northern region, and the opposition of powerful Christian nation and the reason for this was the large-scale expansion of the Russian Empire.

100-105

Authors: Lyubov G. Polyakova

The article discusses the social policy of the Governor of the Russian Emperor in the Caucasus the count Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov in 1905-1914 years. As the sources are used the materials from the national archive of the Republic of Georgia, the published report «in eight years of running the Caucasus», as well as periodicals. The attention is paid to the problems of colonization and public education.

8-15

Authors: Hope O. Blejh, Ludmila M. Ramonova

This article features new little-known materials. Through the example of some of the more prominent representatives of the Russian scientific and creative intelligentsia, the author analyzes certain awareness-raising views on cultural building in the region. The author reveals in a survey/abstract form that interest in the Caucasus had been exhibited by the entire frontline Russian intelligentsia in the persons of its best representatives: A.S. Pushkin, M.Yu. Lermontov, A.S. Griboyedov, L.N. Tolstoy, A.P. Belyayev, A.A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky, I.G. Burtsov, N.N. Muraviev, P.A. Mukhanov, V.D. Sukhorukov, V.S. Tolstoy, and many others. It has been proven that the ideas of compassion for common people were the basis for the creative work of the Russian general public and were shared by Caucasian thinkers (Adil-Girey, G. Dzasokhov, Kazen-Bek, Khan-Girey, and many others) as well, whose works were published in Russian and Caucasian periodicals. This facilitated the boosting of the national self-consciousness of the mountaineer ethnoses and bolstering mutual friendship between them and great Russian people.

24-30

Authors: Ruslan A. Khachidogov

Based on little-studied materials, the article provides a brief history of building the geopolitical space across the North Caucasus. The author establishes that North Caucasus Krai has had a unique geographical and political significance for countless centuries. Its territories stretched between two seas – the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea, which was of great strategic significance: it is here that Europe and Asia locked into each other, with various trade, political, and cultural relations established through them. It has been proven that the ancient region had from the very beginning been formed as a polyethnic one, inhabited by as many as 120 different nationalities. Today there are now 10 autochthonous peoples living in the area, which speak languages belonging to three language families: Caucasian, Indo-European, and Turkic. By the time the North Caucasus was made part of Russia, quite independent language communities had already been formed in the region, which occupied territories that have remained almost unchanged to this day.

39-50

Authors: Nugzar K. Ter-Oganov

This article examines the historical landmarks of the development of Qajar Iran in the 19th century. Following a number of defeats at the hands of the Russian Empire in the first third of the 19th century, Iran’s leadership started to give serious thought to modernizing its army. The author also touches upon the concept of nationalism in Iran and describes its distinctive characteristics.