International Journal of Social Sciences and Management

Number Vol- 11(2), 2024

1-6
Implementation of Technological Upgradation in Public Distribution System in India for Ensuring Availability, Accessibility and Affordability

Authors: Roli Misra, Ankit Upadhyay

Abstract

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The largest initiative to reduce poverty in India is the public distribution system (PDS), which uses a network of fair-pricing shops to supply highly subsidised food grains in order to fulfil necessities of households living below poverty line. PDS's primary objective is to buy food grains from farmers. This is to ensure that grain is distributed, stored, and transported so that people in need have access to food. The Indian government has thus upgraded the PDS's technology in an attempt to increase its transparency. To close this gap between technology and citizen benefits, e-government makes use of technical intermediaries like ration Integrated Weight Management System (IWMS), Management Information System (MIS), Inventory management system, etc. The focus of the government is to enact a number of administrative and technological changes under the centralised online real-time electronic public distribution system in order to empower end users of the PDS supply. In this context this paper deals with the number of difficulties when distribution system switches from manual to automated transactions, dealer of fair price shop, who employs the technologies. Based on secondary literature, the objective of this paper is to understand the challenges associated with implementing technology at the point of sale during distribution, as well as study the status of the implementation technological based distribution system.

7-16
Growth, Export Performance and Trade Competitiveness of Lentil (Lens culinaris) From Nepal

Authors: Binod Ghimire, Shiva Chandra Dhakal, Santosh Marahatta, Ram Chandra Bastakoti

Abstract

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The lentil (Lens culinaris) sector in Nepal has realized as an export potential commodity but lacks adequate trade related research and development. To study the growth, export performance and trade competitiveness of Nepalese lentil, secondary data pertaining for the period of 30 years (1990–2019 A.D.) were analyzed classifying as pre and post WTO period for Nepal. Compound annual growth rate (CAGR), Cuddy-Delle Velle instability index, export performance ratio, reveled comparative advantage (RCA), trade specialization and Herfindahl-Hirschman index were analyzed. The trend analysis showed highly fluctuation with the growth rate of 40.31 and 42.24 percent per annum has been noticed in import value and quantity respectively. Whereas; the export quantity is found negative growth of 0.43 percent and export value with the growth of 1.44 percent. High instability was found in all parameters of export and import and highest variation was noticed for pre-WTO period in comparison to post-WTO. Nepal enjoys relatively strong competitiveness in export of lentil with RCA value greater than 1. Trade specialization index fluctuated over the years, it remains in the stage of import substitution declining from growth stage and have witnessed positive direction to revive the lentil export performance from Nepal. Herfindahl-Hirschman index showed that the Nepalese lentil market for export is highly concentrated which can lead to high economic risks.

17-26
Experimental Study on USBR Type Stilling Basin Design

Authors: Dak Khadka

Abstract

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Energy of water is to be dissipated forming hydraulic jump. The strength of jump depends on initial Froude number. The length of jump depends on the alternate depths. . This study is purposed to examine the effect of upstream face slope of weir in three models at vertical faced ogee shape weir, 60 degree slope ogee shape and 45 degree slope ogee shape weir in the case of jump formation at downstream side. The experiments were conducted in three discharge variations of magnitude 100 cm3/sec, 150cm3/sec and 200cm3/sec. The depths and velocity at upstream, at crest, at toe and at tail location were measured and analyzed. From the comparative study the water rise in upstream was more in vertical faced weir than in others. The variation in velocity, Froude number found increased with the increase in discharge in all cases. The hydraulic jump length and loss in energy were changed with the change in discharge. The most effective length of stilling basin was found in case of vertical faced weir on the basis of jump length whereas from the energy dissipation point of view the maximum energy was dissipated in 60 degree slope face weir but the length of jump was greater in this weir. The coefficient of discharge variations were observed for all models and found in the range of 1.5 to 1.8 which is very close to the textbook value that showed the robustness of the experiments conducted.

27-33
Impact of Value Added Tax on Indirect Tax and Total Tax Revenue: An Empirical Study from Nepal

Authors: Arjun Kumar Dahal, Ganesh Bhattarai, Prem Bahadur Budhathoki

Abstract

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This study examines the impact of value-added tax on indirect tax and total tax revenue collection in Nepal. The secondary data that covers 48 annual data points collected from the various economic surveys are used in this study. Descriptive and exploratory research designs are used. Some statistical and econometric tools like graphs, scatter plots, regression analysis, variance analysis, multicollinearity test, normality test (Shapiro-Wilk), and heteroscedasticity test are used. VAT revenue is statistically significant in determining Indirect tax and total tax revenue in Nepal. One percent increase in value-added tax results in 0.919 and 0.944 percent increase in indirect tax and total tax revenue in Nepal. A variation of 98.9 percent in indirect tax and 97.8 percent in total tax revenue depends upon VAT in the Nepalese economy. Policymakers in Nepal might use these findings to make informed decisions regarding VAT rates and policies, recognizing the substantial influence of VAT on overall tax revenue.