International Journal of Social Sciences and Management

5-8

Authors: S.M. Alfarid Hussain, Neelatphal Chanda

This ancient language, considered to be the mother language of a majority of Indian languages, today appears to be fighting a losing battle with only about 14,000 people in India claiming Sanskrit as their mother tongue in a country of over 1.2 billion people, as the 2011 census data reveal. In an era increasingly engulfed by the forces of globalization amidst the debates surrounding linguistic homogenization and cultural neo-imperialism, mass media as well as various digital media platforms, including social media can contribute towards restoring the rich literary tradition of the Sanskrit language that defines the very essence of what we understand as ‘Indian culture.’ This paper argues that state-run public service broadcasters like Doordarshan and All India Radio, are obligated to create and transmit content that generate awareness about Sanskrit and its significance to modern Indian knowledge like Ayurveda, yoga, music, grammar, philosophy, Vedic mathematics etc. Yet, this paper argues that the public broadcasters should be careful not to create an arcane and pedantic programming structure meant exclusively for a select oligarchy of Sanskrit specialists, but should rather embark on creative programming formats that would actually attract the young people towards learning the language and understanding its relevance. The social media ecosystem reflects the continued dominance of English as a mode of communication, which implies the complex hegemonic processes that are at work. Yet, there is a growing population of people engaging in social media in their own respective languages. This paper argues that the egalitarian nature of social media coupled with the horizontal type of user-generated content flow architecture provides the perfect spawning ground for the preservation and promotion of Sanskrit in the 21st century society.

12-21

Authors: Ismaila Amadu, Ngoe Fritz Eseokwea, Marcel Ngambi

The goal of this paper is to determine the contribution of public health investments to the economic growth of Cameroon. The study used the human capital model of Lucas (1988) within the framework of endogenous growth theories. The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was employed in the estimations procedure using the World Development Indicators (WDI, 2013) data from the World Bank over the period spanning from 1988 to 2013.The findings show that government health expenditures contribute to economic growth only in the long run. From our results, we recommend that: first, the government should increase health spending to 10 or 15 percent of its GDP as initially suggested by the African Union and the World Health Organization respectively; second, government should enhance the provision of health care services by the private sector by putting in place incitation measures; third, competitive awards should be granted to those health units that render quality health care services.

32-37

Authors: R. N. Pati

A very Poor attention is given to reproductive health issues of pregnant women in rural regions of African countries. Ethiopia is one of the countries in horn of Africa representing highest maternal mortality rate in the continent. The Government of Ethiopia has reformed health policy and program to promote community involvement in maternal health, promotion of emergency obstetric health care, health seeking behavior for optimal utilization of maternal health services by women during pregnancies. The women living in pastoralist and small land holders’ communities are exposed to high risks of reproductive health hazards. Material delays comprising of delay in making the decision for referral, delay in arriving at hospital and delay in receiving appropriate maternal health services are major contributing factors for growing maternal deaths in Ethiopia. The illiteracy of woman, exposure to frequent pregnancies at adolescent age, poor decision making power of women in patriarchal society, poor employment status of women are main predicators of low utilization of maternal services and high ,maternal death in rural regions of the country. This article is based on synthesis of research projects completed by different authors on multiple dimensions of maternal mortality in Ethiopia. The promotion of referral support service and bridging up the referral gaps would address issues of maternal mortality and growing unsafe abortions among young mothers in rural regions of the country. This paper examines critically different socio – cultural barriers that prevent women living in rural area for accessing appropriate utilization of maternal and health services and infrastructure available.

44-54

Authors: Muhammad Ali, Maria Jahangir, Asaf Khan, . Faridullah, Firdous Hameed

Background: Smoking is the major health problem all over the world and now it’s become trend in university students to have smoking behavior because they believed that due to smoking they will be more acceptable in friends group. The most prevalence of smoking among university students is due to the attitude of students that it could enhance their personal attributes and make a positive change in their personality. The most provoking factor in the students to start smoking was the lack of knowledge regarding the harmful effect of smoking and also the students believed that smoking can reduce stress. Objective: To assess knowledge and attitude of university students towards smoking. Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive study design was used to assess the knowledge and attitude of university students towards smoking. Sample size of 222 students were taken from three departments of The University of Lahore, in which 80 students were from Nursing, 82 from Biotechnology(IMBB) and 60 physiotherapy students were included in this study. Results: Out of 222 students 32% were current smokers while 68% were nonsmokers, 70% students believed that Nicotine in Cigarette is not addictive to human, 83% of the respondents believed that smoking is a disgusting behavior and 85% of the respondents believed that smoking should be banned in Universities significant amount of students. Conclusion: there is strong link between the students’ attitude and smoking behavior and it is important for parents and teachers to supervise their student’s behavior.

60-67

Authors: Saida Zainurossalamia Za, Irsan Tricahyadinata

The development of information and communication technology affected many aspects of life, including economical state. E-commerce is an activity of selling or buying goods and services through the internet by using electronic media. The optimization of e-commerce could be carried out by advertising. Google AdWords is one of online advertising technologies that provides benefits in the business of e-commerce. This research was aimed to analyze and describe the improvement of the e-commerce sales by using Google AdWords. The research design was qualitative research design by utilizing secondary data from Google, Inc. Based on the result of the research, the e-commerce sites received increasing visits to the websites, increasing numbers of the new customers, increasing sales, and even business expansion. It could be concluded that Google AdWords was highly useful to enhance e-commerce. The researcher suggested to utilize Google AdWords online-advertising system in the e-commerce activities. Future researchers are suggested to use the revealed data as the basis of further research in relevant field.