Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research

9-12

Authors: Jitendra Kumawat

Grid computing is a term referring to the combination of computer resources from multiple administrative domains to reach a common goal. The grid can be thought of as a distributed system with non-interactive workloads that involve a large number of files. What distinguishes grid computing from conventional high performance computing systems such as cluster computing is that grids tend to be more loosely coupled, heterogeneous, and geographically dispersed. Although a grid can be dedicated to a specialized application, it is more common that a single grid will be used for a variety of different purposes. Grids are often constructed with the aid of general-purpose grid software libraries known as middleware. Grid size can vary by a considerable amount. Grids are a form of distributed computing whereby a “super virtual computer” is composed of many networked loosely coupled computers acting together to perform very large tasks. Furthermore, “distributed” or “grid” computing, in general, is a special type of parallel computing that relies on complete computers (with onboard CPUs, storage, power supplies, network interfaces, etc.) connected to a network (private, public or the Internet) by a conventional network interface, such as Ethernet. This is in contrast to the traditional notion of a supercomputer, which has many processors connected by a local high-speed computer bus.

22-35

Authors: Ezeliora Chukwuemeka Daniel, Ejikeme Ifeanyi

This research work presents results on the treatment of vegetable oil effluent using factorial design experiment for Pleurotus Tuberregium Sclerotium Coagulant (PTSC). Optimization studies on physical factors such rapid mix velocity gradient, contact time, pH and dosage of coagulant was also examined. The coagulation performance of vegetable oil effluent was investigated at room temperature using two coagulants, PTSC and alum. The experiments were carried out using the standard jar test method at varying pH and coagulant doses and the bio coagulant processing was based on the work reported by Adebowale and Adebowale (2007). More so, the coagulation reaction rate constant, K, the order of reaction (-rA), coag-flocculation parameters and the distribution of particles were also determined. Turbidity measurement was employed using the nephelometric (Turbidiometric) standard method. PTSC as coagulant the optimum conditions of settling time of 8minutes, dosage of 0.2g and pH of 8.0 reduced the concentration of the particle from 56.4 to 18.5649mg/l and desirability of 0.727, whereas using alum reduced the concentration of the effluent to 16.0494mg/l. The results obtained confirmed that the theory of fast coagulation holds for the treatment of vegetable oil effluent using the coagulant investigated and the conditions of the experiment.

44-50

Authors: Amna Butt, Faryal Mateen, Iqra Javed, Asma Jabeen

Rapid urbanization is leading cause of plant extinction throughout the world as increase in plant use is directly proportional to increase in urbanization. According to the world analysis estimates, the number of threatened plant species throughout the world has reached above 80,000 and is increasing day by day. This is quite an alarming situation thus there is a need to conserve the vulnerable plant species. Several plant conservation techniques have been developed worldwide with varied success rates, however, there is a huge gap between the conservation strategies and techniques used in developed and developing countries of the world and so is the success rate of these techniques in the respective regions. This paper presents a review of national and international plant conservation techniques and how their application can be made successful for the conservation of Pakistani flora.