Journal of Human, Environment, and Health Promotion

2-7

Authors: Mojtaba Jafarvand, Bahare Keshmiri, Sakineh Varmazyar*

Background: Although the expansion of innovation in the industry has led to an increase in the fast of works, production and productivity, it has also imposed an increase in the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders. So, the aim of this study was determination the risk level of work posture by REBA and RULA method among workers of assembly line of a cosmetic manufacturing factory. Methods: This study descriptive was carried out among the assembly line workers of a cosmetic manufacturing factory in 2016. Six tasks (including 28 work postures) were selected due to the most risk of inappropriate work posture factor. 18 postures were evaluated by REBA method and 10 postures by RULA method. Results: The results showed that the highest REBA score (score10) in the hair color manufacturing section and the highest RULA score (score 7) related to the oxidant and powder parts. The minimum score obtained by the REBA and RULA method was 5 and 4 (minimum 2 corrective action level), respectively. Conclusion: To prevent musculoskeletal disorders and reduce the staff posture score in pouring materials into the mixer or reservoir of manufacturing hair color, oxidant and powder sections, corrective actions such as the use of a pump system for transferring materials to the reservoir and the use of an footrest to avoid lifting the load to a height above the shoulder are recommended.

13-20

Authors: Younes Khosravi*, Abbas Ali Zamani, Abdol Hossein Parizanganeh, Mir Ali Asghar Mokhtari, Akbar Nadi

Background: This research aims to measure and study spatial changes, and the reason behind the increasing nitrate content in water wells in the Central District of Khodabandeh County in the Zanjan Province. Methods: The nitrate and nitrite content, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, total hardness and pH were measured at 40 sampling stations in the study area. The obtained features were categorized into four classes by principal component analysis. The kriging and cokriging methods along with electrical conductivity and total hardness covariates were used to study the spatial changes. By using the cross-validation method, the linear model for cokriging method with electrical conductivity covariate was selected as the best model for nitrate zoning in ArcGIS 10.2 software. Results: The principal component analysis indicated that nitrate feature was in the same classification as that of electrical conductivity and total hardness. The comparison of surface digital elevation model, geology and land use maps with nitrate zoning indicated that nitrate pollution in the south and south-west regions was due to geological content, agricultural activities, and the discharge of human sewage into absorbing wells. Conclusion: The findings of the present research revealed that lowlands with agricultural use had more nitrate content than other uses, and the most important reason could be attributed to the excessive use of nitrate containing chemical fertilizers.

28-37

Authors: Zahra Shamsi, Mohammad Reza Yaftian, Abdol Hossein Parizanganeh, Abbas Ali Zamani*

Background: Water pollution is an important environmental problem, undoubtedly, the presence of toxic heavy metals forms the main source of water contamination. Sorption characteristics of polyurethane foams modified with bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (DEHPA) for the removal of zinc, lead and cadmium ions from contaminated solutions were investigated. Methods: Operating variables, such as initial pH of the aqueous solution (1-6), ion concentrations (5-100 mg/l), sorbent dosage (1-8 g) and contact time (0-60 min), were studied. Results: A value of 98 ± 3% of initial amount of studied ions (20 mg/l) was eliminated using 5 g of polyurethane sorbent modified with DEHPA (0.01 M in methanol) at pH 5. The selectivity order for metal ions toward the sorbent is Zn> Pb> Cd. Analysis of the equilibrium sorption data using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models revealed that the Langmuir model was well suited to describe the zinc, lead and cadmium ions sorption. Power function, simple Elovich, pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order kinetics were applied for kinetic study in batch sorption and it was found that experimental data can be suitably described by pseudo second-order model. Conclusion: Removal of studied metal ions from real samples shows that the modified polyurethane foam is useful for the treatment of polluted waters.

43-46

Authors: Hassan Hassanzadazar*, Mahrokh Forghani, Ahdieh Salim, Majid Aminzare

Background: Butter is one of the oldest dairy products known in the world and plays an important role in human nutrition. The aim of this study was evaluating of the microbial quality of traditional and industrial butter marketed in Zanjan. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a total of 29 samples of butter were investigated in 2 groups which 24 samples were of traditionally producedl butter and 5 industrially produced butter samples, randomly collected from the market in Zanjan, Iran. All samples were evaluated for total bacterial count, Staphylococci, coliform, fungi and mold. Results: Fourteen samples of traditional butter had higher coliform load than allowed in standards. Eighteen samples were contaminated with Staphylococcus, and mold was found in 8 samples. Also, fifteen samples were contaminated with Escherichia coli. Among the industrial samples, one was contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus but no contamination by coliform, Escherichia coli and mold and mold was observed. Conclusion: 58.33%, 75%, 33.33% and 62.5% of the traditional butter samples had higher coliform, Staphylococcus, mold and E. coli contamination, respectively than standard limit. One of the industrial samples was contaminated with Staphylococcus. It is recommended that higher supervision on the production and distribution of these products is applied.