Hygeia journal for drugs and medicines

1a-2a

Authors: D.Suresh kumar

yurveda is the traditional medicine of India that has been practised since ancient times. According to the modest estimates made by European scholars, it has a track record of 20 centuries. However, protagonists of the system claim that it is more ancient. Ayurveda texts give clear instructions on the type of land from which medicinal plants are to be collected. For example, Carakā Samhita states that herbs should not be collected from polluted places, burial grounds, pits, parks, ant hills and salty terrain. Similar views are expressed in Aṣṭāṅgahṛdaya and Śārṅgadhara Samhita. It is quite logical to presume that adherence to these conditions must have helped in maintaining the quality of herbs collected in those days. Manufacture of ayurvedic medicines has become an industrial activity in modern times. This has given rise to a brisk trade in medicinal herbs. Consequently, herbs are collected indiscriminately from all kinds of environment and this raises the problem of chemical contamination. ..

9-21

Authors: A J. Chacko* and Jyoti Harindran

Plan: The study was aimed to develop a tri-layered pulsatile tablet of salbutamol sulphate for Chronotherapeutic delivery in bronchial asthma. The incidence of asthma is greatest in the early morning hours referred as “morning dip”. Preface: A formulation which could deliver the drug in the right concentration just prior to the attack could effectively control the condition and staining drug release thereafter will further enable the dosage as once a day unit. Methodology: This formulation consists of three layers with the first layer for sustain release and the second for the burst release after a predetermined lag time and the third layer determines the lag time. A novel two-stage coating was employed to achieve the burst followed by sustained release.The bottom and the sides of the tablets were coated with an insoluble polymer, ethyl cellulose which acted as a cage for the dosage form all sides except the top. The caged unit was finally dip coated with pH sensitive polymer eudragitL. Outcome: The formulation was optimised by Box-Behnken design and the composition suggested by the design expert successfully achieved the lag time of 5 hrs and cumulative drug release of 32% and 95% respectively at 6th and 24thhours

43-51

Authors: Chandrashekara H H*, kumar D, Wasif Ahmed, Kataria M, Tandan SK, Ranjith D, and Sandhya S.

Plan: Hemin is a critical component of haemoglobin and induces heme oxygenase (HO), an enzyme which degrades heme in a rate limiting manner and has an important role in cellular protection against oxidative stress. This HO inducer like Hemin may be of potential therapeutic value in the wound healing and inflammation. The present study was proposed to investigate the effect of hemin on experimentally induced excision wounds in rats. Preface: A multitude of cellular and biochemical processes are set in motion upon the occurrence of the wound. The sequential influx of inflammatory cells production of an extracellular matrix is essential for efficient healing. Wound healing is a burning problem and constitutes an important aspect of rehabilitation medicine. The acute induction of HO has been shown to have beneficial effects including wound healing process. Methodology: To identify the beneficial activity of HO, vis a vis wound healing, hemin was used as an inducer of HO in rats using a full-thickness cutaneous excision wound model. A 400 mm2 excision wound was created under normal conditions. The route of hemin ointment administration was topical in a normal wound model. The topical Povidone Iodine ointment was used as a standard drug of treatment for wound healing. The assessment of healing process was ascertained by physical (contraction measurements) and chemical (hydroxyproline and glucosamine content of granulation tissue) studies. Outcome: Heme oxygenase-1 pathway when activated can modulate wound healing process for early and fast healing. Hemin showed a strong pro-healing potential as it induces HO-1 and therefore, triggers the pro-healing convergence pathway. Histopathological studies indicated the process of angiogenesis has occurred in granulation tissue of the treated groups.

61-79

Authors: Mohd.ShahnawazKhan*, Saba Parveen Siddiqui and Nazia Tarannum.

Plan: A systematic review on the synthesis and biological activity of hydrazides and their derivatives. Preface: The chemistry of hydrazide and its derivatives has obtained a great interest in both organic chemistry and biological science with remarkable impact. The development of novel organic compounds with antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-tubercular, antibacterial, antifungal activities has been of great interest and pharmaceutical importance. Hydrazides and hydrazones are possessing an NHNH2 and NHN=CH- groups respectively. The availability of proton in hydrazides constitutes them as an important class of compound for new drug discovery. Therefore, researchers have shown great interest in developing these compounds as target structures for evaluating new biological activities. Outcome: This review emphasises on various methods of synthesis and several biological activities possessed by hydrazide and hydrazone derivatives, which may help the researchers for the design and development of novel hydrazides as a potential candidate in pharmaceutical science.