Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century

Number Vol. 13-2, 2019

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COVER PAGE

Authors: Editorial Board

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Cover, PPC, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2019

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CONTENTS

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Contents, PPC, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2019

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JUDGING ANTIGONE IN OLD AGE: (NEURO)PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

Authors: Vaitsa Giannouli

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Although medicine, psychology and law have a long history behind them (Frank, 1930; Kapardis, 2009), and several issues may emerge at the interface of these scientific fields, new specific disciplines have been created to fill the research gap, such as legal psychology and forensic psychology (Taylor, 2019). In this direction, forensic neuropsychology combines not only psychometric testing, but also interviews, behavioral observations, and record reviews as additional sources of information for answering cognitive functioning questions in legal and forensic settings (Fink, 2007). Additionally, the emergence of a new promising interdisciplinary field, neurolaw, explores how neuroscience and advanced techniques can be used in the legal system (Meynen, 2014; van Dongen & Franken, 2019). Although there are still a plethora of topics that are not adequately described and need further research in neuropsychology, several attempts have been made to collect data for different research questions linked to this complex field (Canter & Žukauskiene, 2019). Methods and protocols regarding the processes of criminal profiling, the examination of cognitive biases in legal decision making, interrogations and confessions, detection of deception, eyewitness memory and false memories-distortions, cognition and emotions of child witnesses, and competence to stand trial, are still not clear (Bornstein & Miller, 2016; Brewer & Douglass, 2019).

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SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA RECEIVING COMPULSORY INPATIENT AND OUTPATIENT TREATMENT AND VOLUNTARY PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS

Authors: Sergii Boltivets, Yuliya Chelyadyn, Tymur Gonchar, Lyudmila Uralova, Oleksandr Bashinskii

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The aim of the research was to obtain data for scientific justification and development of an algorithm of medico-social rehabilitation for patients with schizophrenia under compulsory out- and inpatient treatment. During the research clinical and social-demographic conditions were evaluated for the chosen group of people currently undergoing coercive treatment and for the control group. The role of the clinical-psychopathological and social-environmental agents that caused patients compulsory hospitalization was determined. The level of social functioning and the dissocializing factors were evaluated.

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PERSONAL VALUES AND SELF-ACCEPTANCE: ANXIETY FREE VS ANXIETY-BASED DIMENSION

Authors: Mariam Kvitsiani, Maia Mestvirishvili, Khatuna Martskvishvili, Tamar Kamushadze, Mariam Odilavadze, Mariam Panjikidze

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When talking about human well-being, Unconditional Self-acceptance represents one of the cores. Although researchers have focused on various predictors of Acceptance, there is not a clear understanding of personal values impacting the process of accepting oneself. The aim of the research was to explore the association between basic values and unconditional self-acceptance, and to find out the role of psychological flexibility in this relationship. 370 participants filled the questionnaires to explore basic values, unconditional self-acceptance and psychological flexibility. As data showed, self-transcendence and openness to change predict higher level of psychological flexibility, however, only openness to change possesses positive predictive power for unconditional self-acceptance. Mediation model indicates that basic value system of openness to changes is the one, which reflected on individual’s higher psychological flexibility, and through this flexibility she/he achieves higher level of unconditional self-acceptance. The research confirmed a unique role of openness to change in association with self-acceptance which might be an important insight for clinical psychologists as well as for mental health professionals.

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EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND SUBJECTIVE WELL BEING: EXPLORATION OF TEACHERS’ BURNING DILEMMA

Authors: Mehboob Ul Hassan

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Emotional intelligence and subjective well-being have stirred considerable attention in academic and professional discipline of psychology. Research yielded emotional intelligence as potential variable to explain emotional upheavals in working domains; subjective well-being. Connection between emotional intelligence and contemporary domain of positive psychology, especially in the spectrum of subjective well-being are debateable for researchers. Present research conducted to explore association between subjective well-being and emotional intelligence among the teachers of public colleges of Lahore. Sample of the research consisted of 716 teachers; 324 male and 392 females conveniently selected from 20 colleges; 10 male and 10 female colleges of District Lahore. Data were collected through administering Emotional Quotient Inventory: Adult Version (Bar-On, 1997) consisted of 117 items divided into five components. Measure of Happiness Questionnaire was adopted to gauge the subjective well-being of teachers. Reliability of the instruments was confirmed in SPSS by calculating Cronbach’s Alpha scores; .955 and .795 respectively. Data was collected from the respondents after getting permission from heads of the institutions. Normality of the data were calculated in SPSS by using Shapiro-Wilk’s test, p>.05, n<2000. Findings report a large positive correlation between teachers’ emotional intelligence and their subjective well-beings, and there exists a significant small correlation between emotional intelligence and gender. Research recommends that heads of the institutions need to arrange trainings, conduct seminars and ensure presence of motivational speakers to enhance male and female college teachers’ well- being focusing their emotions towards constructive tasks.

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EXERCISE ADDICTION AND ITS RELATION TO PSYCHO-SOCIAL ASPECTS AND MOTIVES

Authors: Nadja Walter, Thomas Heinen

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Despite typical physiological risks of regular physical activity such as injuries or overtraining, particularly excessive exercise can have psychological side effects and become obsessive. This obsessiveness is often associated with symptoms of addiction (i.e., reduction of other activities, lack of control, withdrawal symptoms). However, the underlying process of developing an exercise addiction is not yet fully understood. Besides the physiological approach, there are several psychological and socio-theoretical models focusing on personal and situational factors. The aim of this research was to explore the role of psycho-social aspects and their influence on symptoms of exercise addiction. 501 participants were asked to record their current sport regarding type, intensity, frequency, and competitive activity. Furthermore, the participants were asked about the motives to exercise as well as their inspiration to start with their current sport. Addictive symptoms were assessed using the Exercise Dependence Scale (EDS). It was expected, that inspiration, competitive activity, as well as the motives achievement striving and catharsis have an influence on the EDS score. The results showed that athletes rating the motives achievement striving, catharsis and enjoyment of movement as important or very important showed significantly higher scores in the EDS. No significant differences were found for inspiration, but competitive activity. The findings suggest an important role of intrinsic motivation on the development of exercise addition, particularly the motive enjoyment of movement. However, the interaction of personal and situational factors needs to be explored further.

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END PAGE

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End, PPC, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2019