Animal Production

21(3):129-135,

Authors: Marsetyo Marsetyo, Muhammad Ilyas Mumu, Muhamad Basri

This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of various legume herbs supplementation on feed intake, digestibility and liveweight gain of fat-tailed lambs given Mulato (Brachiaria mulato) grass. Twenty four male fat-tailed lambs (8 months of age and 12.73± 0.56 kg (SE) of initial liveweight) were randomly allotted to four treatment groups based on unfasted liveweight. Animals were housed in individual metabolism crates. The experiment was designed in a completely randomized block design, with four treatments and six replicates. The dietary treatment tested included Mulato grass ad libitum (M), M + Centrosema pascuorum (MCP), M + Dolichos lab lab (MDL) and M+ Clitoria ternatea (MCT). All supplement was offered at 1.5% body weight (W) per day. The experiment lasted for 10 weeks, with 2 and 8 weeks for adaptation and measurement period, respectively. The main parameter measured included feed intake, feed digestibility, and average daily liveweight gain (ADG). Results showed that total DM intakes (DMI) were not affected (P>0.05) by legume herbs supplementation. Total DMI was 2.75, 2.79, 2.84 and 2.87 %W/d for lamb treated with M MCP, MDL and MCT respectively. In contrast, supplementation with various legume herbs significantly increased (P <0.05) DM digestibility (DMD) and ADG of lamb received Mulato grass, with no significant difference (P>0.05) between legume herbs. Feed DMD was 58.17, 67.48, 64.91; 65.03% and ADG were 35.67; 58.39; 54.31 and 54.41 g/day, for lamb treated with M, MCP, MDL and MCT respectively. It was concluded that supplementation of legume herbs to fat-tailed lamb fed Mulato grass significantly increased DMD and ADG, but no significant differences across the legume herbs as feed supplements were observed.

122-128

Authors: Muhammad Resthu, Dzarnisa Araby, Sri Wahyuni

This study aims to see the extent of influence of oxytocin hormone induction on the nutritional composition of milk in the Etawah Crossbred goat. This research was conducted in December 2018 in Syiah Kuala District, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The examined parameters were the levels of fat, nonfat dry matter (SNF), protein content, lactose content and milk density. The research used 18 Etawah goats and oxytocin hormone. A statistical unpaired t test indicated a highly significant influence on the increase of milk fat injected with oxytocin hormone, i.e. 4.86% or 37.2% or higher than that without hormone injection. The milk density results showeda significant effect on the decrease in goat milk density (28.81%) which was lower by 10.65% from that without hormone treatment. The level of no fat dry matter (SNF), protein content and lactose content had no effect in milk, i.e. 8.39%, 3.91% and 3.76%, respectively. In conclusion, hormone oxytocin injection had a highly significant effect on increasing milk fat levels and significantly affected the decrease in milk density but did not affect the level of nonfat dry matter (SNF), lactose and protein.

143-147

Authors: Femi Hadidjah Elly, Agustinus Lomboan, Charles L. Kaunang, Meiske Rundengan, Zulkifli Poli, Syarifuddin Syarifuddin

Local cattle farming as an income source for farmers in rural areas is mostly developed traditionally. The local cattle farm continues, even though it is a side business, but is a mainstay in supporting national beef needs. The problem is whether integration of local cattle and food crops have the potential to be developed by farmers. The research was conducted to determine the potential integration of local cattle local and corn in North Bolaang Mongondow Regency. A survey method using a purposive sampling selected 60 farmers from Sangkub District where farmers practiced an integrated cattle-crops farming. Data were subjected to proximate and feasibility analysis. The results showed that the total cattle owned by respondents were 209. The feed consisted of grass and corn waste, with an average consumption of 5.33 and 11.15 kg/head/day, respectively. A proximate analysis of waste corn reported 86.48% dry material, 7.36% crude protein, 1.84% fat, 28.95% crude fiber, 9.10% ash and 68.18% carbohydrate. Respondents' income from cattle farming in Bintauna and Sangkub Districts were Rp. 151,000,000 vs. Rp. 169,900,000, production costs were Rp. 101,150,625 vs. Rp. 107,298,593.8, and RC ratio was 1.49 vs. 1.58. In conclusion, corn waste consumption was greater (67.66%) than the grass. RC ratio value >1 indicated that cattle farming was feasible. The corn-cattle farming integration system can minimize environmental pollution because it enables the concept of LEISA (Low External Input Sustainability Agriculture).

157=166

Authors: Amam Amam, Mohammad Wildan Jadmiko, Pradiptya Ayu Harsita, Roni Yulianto

The purpose of this research was to identified the internal resources of dairy cattle farming business and assess their effects on institutional performance of the business risk aspects. The research was conducted at the Kawasan Pengembangan Sapi Perah Nasional (KPSPN), Malang District, East Java Province. Respondents of this reserach were all of the dairy cattle farmers who were members of the KUB (Kelompok Usaha Bersama) of the Tirtasari Kresna Gemilang. Generally, the respondent of this study was 174 person. Data were analyzed using the method of PLS (Partial Least Square). The results showed that internal resources had an effect on institutional performance by 23,4%, while business risk aspects were influenced by internal resources and institutional performance by 54,7%. Conclusion of the study was the internal resources of dairy cattle farming business consist of financial resources, technological resources and physical resources.

64-70

Authors: Iman Sukirman, Eros Sukmawati, Siti Darojah Rasad, Nurcholidah Solihati

this study aimed to determine the influence of breed and type of extenders on frozen semen quality of cows at BIB Lembang. The experimental study was conducted in a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors. The first factor was four cow breeds, i.e. Ongole Cross (PO), Brahman (BR), Simmental (SM) and Limousin (LM), and the second factor was two types of extender, i.e. Skim-Egg Yolk (SKT) and AndroMed® (AND), all repeated four times. The observed variables were percentage of spermatozoa motility and intact plasma membrane (IPM). All data obtained were analyzed using a general linear model (IBM SPSS ver. 23). The results demonstrated an interaction between breed and the type of diluent to motility. Breeds showed significantly different motility but non-significantly different intact plasma membrane (MPU) of semen. The type of diluent did not significantly affect motility and intact plasma membrane (MPU) of the frozen semen. The effect of the breed on BR motility was lower and significantly different from PO, LM and SM. The types of diluent did not significantly affect motility, MPU. The results showed that SKT was lower than AND, it was indicative effect of breed on intact plasma membrane (MPU) PO was lower than BR, LM and SM and the effect of the type of diluent on whole plasma membrane (MPU) AND is lower than SKT. It can be concluded that breed influences the motility of semen. The lowest motility reduction in frozen semen is Brahman cattle by using skim-egg yolk extender.

81-86

Authors: Charles Venirius Lisnahan, Oktavianus Rafael Nahak

The aim of this experiment was to identify the internal organs weight of 6-weeks old native chickens after treatment feed with l-threonine and l-tryptophan supplement. This experimental research used 128 native chickens aged one-week-old in a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and four replications. The dietary treatments were T0 (control feed), T1 (T0 + 0.35% l-threonine + 0.10% l-tryptophan), T2 (T0 + 0.68% l-threonine + 0.17% l-tryptophan), and T3 (T0 + 1.00% l-threonine + 0.25% l-tryptophan). The variables measured included body weight, liver weight, pancreas weight, gizzard weight, and intestinal length. Statistical analysis showed that l-threonine and l-tryptophan significantly affected body weight, liver weight, pancreas weight, gizzard weight and intestinal length. Supplementing 1.00% l-threonine and 0.25% l- tryptophan to feed contributed to the highest body weight and internal organs weight of native chickens.

93-97

Authors: Nafiatul Umami, Nofi Isnaini, Bambang Suhartanto

he aimed of this study to determine the effect of adding urea fertilizer (0, 50, and 100 kg/ha) and harvesting time (50, 80 and days) on prussic acid content and production of the brown midrib (BMR) sorghum plants. This study design was completely randomized factorial 3 x 3. The variables measured were prussic acid content, fresh yield, the production of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM). The results showed that content of prussic acid increased and highly significant with the addition of urea. The fresh yield of BMR sorghum is highest in the fertilization of 50 kg/ha and at the harvesting time 80 days. The highest DM production at fertilization 0 kg/ha and harvesting time 110 day. OM production of the highest is the addition of fertilizer 0 kg/ ha and at the harvesting time on 80 days. From the results of this study concluded that on harvesting time 80 day sorghum BMR have produces optimum and addition of urea to a level of 100 kg/ha did not affect the content of prussic acid, fresh yield, DM and OM.

104-109

Authors: Yusmi Nur Wakhidati, Mochamad Sugiarto, Hudri Aunurrohman

ntrepreneurial behavior is a series of actions of business actors to freely combine innovative resources to identify and pursue opportunities. This behavior is influenced by self-efficacy, perceptions of supporting contexts and ability to control attitudes. This study aims to identify the extent of and contributing factors to entrepreneurial behavior of broiler farmers in Banyumas. The data were collected from a survey engaging 60 farmers-members of partnership farming. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical and correlation analysis. The results showed that the entrepreneurial behavior of farmers was in high category with an average score of 65.45. Farmers have a high category of self-efficacy with an average score of 18.55. Farmers' perceptions of supporting contexts and the ability of farmers to control attitudes are in the medium category with an average of 30.04 and 33.70 respectively. There was a significant relationship between entrepreneurial behavior and self-confidence and perceptions of supporting context, but no significant relationship with the ability to control attitudes. The relationship between entrepreneurial behavior and farmer self-confidence is in the weak category, while the relationship between entrepreneurial behavior and farmers' perceptions of supporting contexts is in the moderate category.

1-9

Authors: Ferdinand Ngoula, Tsafack Borice, Tadondjou Tchingo D’Alex, Ngoumtsop Victor Herman, Vemo Narcisse Bertin, Tchoumboue Joseph

Chloramphenicol (CP) is a synthetic antibiotic with large spectrum, mostly used in human and veterinary medicine to fight against diverse infections. In the present study the effects of this antibiotic on some does reproductive parameters were evaluated on 24 nulliparous, sexually mature female (6 months). The animals were divided into 4 groups of 6 does each, comparable in terms of body weight. To each group was randomly attributed by gavage 25, 50 and 75mg of CP/kg of body weight 30 days before mating (6 females for 1 male) and during the whole gestation period. After sacrifice of the does on the 28th day post-coitum, the organs (ovaries, liver, and kidneys) and fetus were collected and were examined to detect eventual anomalies. The main results showed a non-significant increase (P>0.05) of the relative weight of the liver and kidneys and a non-significant decrease (P>0.05) of that of the ovaries with increase in the dose of CP. No abortions were registered no matter the dose of CP. Gestation index, the rate of fetal mortality and of fetal viability were not significantly affected by the dose of CP used. A decreasing (P<0.05) dependent dose of the average litter size, the average litter weight, the placenta and the gravid uterus, the number of placenta and the implantation sites were registered. However, a non-significant reduction (P>0.05) of the average weight of the fetus and their body measurement, the number of corpus luteum and the sex-ratio (M/F) were registered from treated animals in relation to the control animals. A dose-dependent increase (P<0.05) of number of pre and post-implantation resorptions were noted. The only anomaly registered was the insufficient fusion of the cranial bones at the dose 50 and 75mg/kg of CP. A significant decrease (P<0.05) of the level of proteins in the serum and ovaries were noted in animals treated in relation to those of the control group. It was concluded that CP administered at doses of 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg bw to pre and post-coital rabbit does, negatively affects fertility but has no significant teratogenic effects. Its use should therefore be limited or prohibited in husbandry.

16-20

Authors: Nurreni Irawati, Dattadewi Purwantini, Akhmad Sodiq

This research was aimed to investigate heritability score (h2) of milk yield, kid birth weight, and milk quality that included density, fat content, protein, lactose, water and non-fat dry matter of Saanen goat according to the production record of first-lactating individual in the Centre of Pedigree Breeding and Cattle Forage Baturraden. The materials for this research were 180 Saanen does with a first-lactating record. The estimated genetic parameter was heritability score using a paternal half-sib correlation method. Result showed that the heritability of milk yield, kid birth weight, density, fat content, protein, lactose, water and NFDM was 0,32+0,23; 0,25+0,26; 0,15+0,17; 0,11+0,16; 0,12+0,16; 0,10+0,14; 0,10+0,16 and 0,11+0,16, respectively. A high h2 was obtained from heritability score of milk yield, and a moderate h2 was from kid birth weight and milk quality. In conclusion, the h2 score of milk yield of Saanen goats was relatively high, while the h2 score of kid birth weight and milk quality was relatively moderate.

30-37

Authors: Asih Kurniawati, Lies Mira Yusiati, Widodo Widodo, Wayan Tunas Artama

Red ginger is herb that commonly used as part of traditional medicine due to its essential oil content. Some essential oil have proven as rumen fermentation modifier. Addition of red ginger in ruminant diet was studied using in vitro gas production technique to evaluate its effect on nutrient digestibility. Red ginger meal was added to meet essential oil level in fermentation medium of 0 mg/l as control, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/l. The diet consisted of Penisetum hybride, rice bran, wheat pollard in ratio 60:20:20 DM basis. Feed fermentation was incubated for 24 h at 39°C. At the end of incubation data of gas production volume was taken, and residual feed were collected for further nutrient analysis to calculate the digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and crude fiber (CF). Variance analysis was used to analysis collected data, followed by DMRT analysis. Addition of red ginger increase total volume of gas production at level 50 mg/L and above. DM and OM digestibility did not affected by red ginger addition whereas CP digestibility were significantly decreased start at level 50 mg/l. In contrast, CF digestibility of treatment level of 50 mg/l significantly higher than control. In conclusion, addition of red ginger correspond to level essential oil of 50 to 100 mg/l improve ruminal nutrient fermentation.

43-48

Authors: Eulis Tanti Marlina, Roostita Lobo Lobo Balia, Denny Widaya Lukman

Dairy Wastewater Sludge (DWS) is sediment from milk processing. Nutritional content of DWS can be used as feed ingredients. The effects of nutrition in DWS are tested on the growth of broiler as well as its specific impact on the development of microflora on broiler digestion. The research methods used experimental design. Tapioca by-product (onggok) is used as DWS binder while Aspergillus niger fermentation is applied to improve nutritional content. The rate of addition fermented DWS in the ration was evaluated through measuring weight gain for 35 days and microflora quality in the cecum by counting the number of non-pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria in the cecum at the end of the research period. The research data were analyzed by ANOVA with Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed that the addition of 20% fermented DWS in rations resulted in the highest body weight gain and could suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella spp., E. coli, and Enterobacteriaceae) in caecal. The ratio of non pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria increased proportional to the addition of fermented DWS levels in the ration. Different caecum weight of broiler with different fermented DWS levels was a reprentation of microorganism activity in caecum. This condition can illustrate the good health status of livestock so as to optimize the growth of broiler.

56-63

Authors: Juni Sumarmono, Triana Setyawardani, Setya Agus Santosa

he objective of this study was to determine the characteristics and composition of soft cheese manufactured from goat milk, which contained probiotic bacteria, and stored at different temperatures for up to 90 days. Soft cheese was manufactured from fresh Indonesian Etawah goat milk, with a mix starter culture containing Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium longum (1:1). Animal rennet was added to facilitate curding. Fresh cheese produced was wrapped in linen clothes and stored under two different temperature conditions, which were high temperature (H:13-15oC) and low temperature (L: 8-10oC) for up to 90 days. Results showed that goat cheese was characterized as soft with mild goaty flavor, contained no less than 108 CFU of probiotic lactic acid bacteria, pH of 4.6, 0.5% free fatty acid, 57% moisture, crude 15% crude protein, 22% total fat and 2.5% mineral. Cheese underwent dehydration during storage which caused an increase in the relative proportion of protein, fat and mineral. The evolution of cheese’s pH, titratable acidity and composition was partly affected by storage temperature. At the end of storage periods (90 days) goat cheese was characterized as semi hard and, on average, contained 1.3-1.5% titratable acidity, pH of 4.94-4.95, 31.22-37.06% moisture, 24.59-24.09% crude protein, 33.51-36.17% total fat, and 5.64-5.53% minerals.. Cheese stored at high temperature has slight growth of mold at its surface, which was anormal condition during for cheese ripening. In conclusion, acceptable characteristics and composition of probiotic-containing cheese can be manufactured from milk of Indonesian Etawah goats and stored at temperature of 8-10oC for 90 days.