International Journal of Cancer Research and Molecular Mechanisms

3

Authors: Persinger MA

Aim: Discern if there is a specific proportion of mixture of normal and malignant cells that increase photon emissions from cell cultures. Method: Different proportions of B16-B6 mouse melanoma cells and HEX cells were mixed and allowed to proliferate. Photon emissions were measured from the different mixtures of cells by digital photomultiplier units and then analyzed for Spectral Power Density (SPD). Results: Mixtures of the malignant and non-malignant cells that were more than 10% of one component displayed photon emission flux densities that were significantly less than the photon emissions for either cell type when measured as pure samples. Only 1% proportion of the malignant cell in 99% of non-malignant cells produced the strongest photon emissions. Spectral density profiles of power flux density variations indicated elevated power around 22 Hz that was even greater than this signature for malignant cells only. Conclusion: Only 1% of malignant cells in a normal aggregate, representative of the early stages of cancer development, resulted in conspicuously increased numbers of photon emissions and spectral power spectra that often reflect a total malignant cell population. This combination of photon flux density and spectral power profiles may be a potentially useful (nanotechnology) tool to detect the minute changes in cell activities relevant to oncology.

5

Authors: Sergei V Jargin

After the Chernobyl accident appeared many publications exaggerating its medical consequences. Some of them are discussed in this minireview, which is a continuation of a preceding discussion. Among the motives for the overestimation were anti-nuclear resentments, widespread among the Green movement; however, their attitude has not been entirely wrong: nuclear facilities should have been prevented from spreading to overpopulated countries governed by unstable regimes and regions where conflicts and terrorism cannot be excluded. Nevertheless, we believe that certain Green activists have worked in the interests of the fossil fuel producers. The Chernobyl accident has been exploited to strangulate worldwide development of nuclear energy. Today, there are no alternatives to nuclear power: nonrenewable fossil fuels will probably become more expensive in the long run, contributing to the excessive population growth in the oil-producing countries and poverty in the rest of the world. Worldwide use of nuclear energy will become possible only after a concentration of authority within an efficient international executive based in the most developed countries. This will enable construction of nuclear power plants in optimally suitable places, considering all sociopolitical, geographic, geologic, and other preconditions, quality of working of local workforce, etc.

6

Authors: Jennifer Wu

Cholangiocarcinoma is a potentially lethal cancer of biliary epithelium with variable incidence rates across the world. Given patients often have advanced disease at the time of diagnosis and limited therapeutic options, the prognosis of patients with cholangiocarcinoma remains poor. There are efforts to develop new treatments for cholangiocarcinoma as current standard chemotherapy offers limited benefit. In vitro and in vivo models of cholangiocarcinoma have been studied to unveil underlying molecular mechanisms of cholangiocarcinogenesis. Recent advances in understanding of different pathways underlying cholangiocarcinogenesis will guide the development of potential therapeutic molecular targets. We will do a detailed review of the pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma and its relevance in molecular targets for potential therapies in cholangiocarcinoma. Clinical trials using targeted therapies and proposals for potential clinical trials using novel targets will be discussed.