Movimiento Humano y Salud

13

Authors: Oscar Milton Rivas Borbón, Jorge Salas Cabrera, Tony Santo Chávez Arce

Compare low, medium, and high activity distance covered in meters by the German and Costa Rican national teams, and its relationship with their ranking in the 2014 World Cup Brazil. Participants: The Costa Rican and German national teams that participated in the World Cup matches. Instruments: Data related to low, medium, and high activity distance covered in meters was obtained from FIFA’s official website.Procedure: Data regarding low, medium, and high activity distance covered in meters during 2014 World Cup Brazil was obtained from FIFA’s official website and was statistically analyzed. Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics were applied, as well as non-parametric techniques (Mann-Whitney test), using SPSS (version 17) with a significance level of p≤ 0,05. Results: Significant statistical differences were found between the Costa Rican and the German national teams in high (Z = 2,278, p = 0,023), medium (Z = 2,766, p= 0,006) and low activity distance covered (Z = 2,766, p = 0,012). Conclusion: The German national team obtained a significantly higher average percentage in medium and high activity distance covered in meters,while the Costa Rican national team obtained a greater average percentage in the low activity distance covered in meters.

14

Authors: Mario Esteban Serrano Sanabria, Greivin Javier Mora Poveda, Braulio Sánchez Ureña, Juan Carlos Gutiérrez Vargas, Miguel Eduardo Méndez Solano

The objective of this research was to compare the anthropometric characteristics and neuromuscular capabilities of Costa Rican soccer players based on their positions on the soccer field. A total of 84 soccer players, average ages 17.8 ± 1.2, from five Costa Rican high performance division teams were evaluated. Fat percentage was measured by the sum of seven skin folds, flexibility by the Sit and Reach test, the power of lower limps by Bosco’s Squat Jump and Countermovement Jump tests, and the Fatigue Index in 30 seconds. Lastly, a speed test was applied for 10 and 25 meters. Significant differences were found in the players’ weight according to their position on the soccer field F (3-80) = 5.54, p=0.002. For instance, the average weight of goalkeepers is 76.12 ± 8.92 kg, which is significantly higher than the weight of defenders (p=0.01), midfielders (p=0.03), and forwards (p=0.001). Statistically significant differences were also recorded on the height variable among positions F (3-80)=6.50, p=0.001. For instance, alkeepers’ average height was 1.81 ± 0.05m, which was significantly higher than that of midfielders 1.73 ± 0.5 m (p=0.003) and forwards 1.72 ± 0.63m (p=0.001). Significant differences were also found in the fatigue index, F (3-80) = 3.22, p=0.02,between goalkeepers and midfielders. No statistically significant differences were found in the rest of the variables. The results found in this study agree with the existing literature for soccer players in the same categories. There is no evidence of the physical functional specificity on the studied variables regarding comparisons between positions.

16

Authors: Yolanda Campos-Uscanga, Tania Romo-González, Luis Eduardo del Moral-Trinidad, Nelly Itzel Carmona-Hernández

This study aims to determinate whether there are variations in the Body Mass Index (BMI) during the first two years of college and if these variations are influenced by self-regulation. This is a quantitative longitudinal study from 2013 to 2015. A total of 59 nursing students admitted in 2013 to a public university in Mexico participated in the study. Self-regulation scales for eating behavior and physical activity were used, in addition to well calibrated anthropometry equipment. Results showed that in females weight, BMI, waist and hip circumference increased compared to the initial data, while the waist/hip ratio (t=3.89; p < 0.001) decreased, and self-regulation remained unchanged. On the other hand, in males waist and hip circumference increased, while self-regulation of eating behavior decreased. Initial values in self-evaluation of physical activity and eating behavior are associated with BMI in the last measure (β = 0.353; p = 0.006); in addition, higher initial scores in self-observation of physical activity predict a decrease in BMI (β = 0.782; p = 0.001). Findings suggest that lower levels of self-regulation of physical activity are linked to an increase in BMI, which confirms the hypothesis that self-regulation skills are useful not only in treating but also in preventing obesity.