European Journal of Academic Essays

5-8

Authors: S.Celine Hilda Mary, S.Silvan, EK.Elumalai

Heavy metals occur naturally in the marine environment. These heavy metals enter the aquatic systems by direct discharges via industrial and urban effluents. The heavy metals leads to affect the aquatic environments, So Toxic effect study was conducted to investigate the effect of lead nitrate induced histological alterations in the gills of freshwater fish, Cirrhinus mrigala which were kept in aqueous solution of lead nitrate of lethal concentrations of 24 days. The histopathological effect of lead nitrate in the gills. liver and muscles of fish is characterized by complete fusion of gill lamellae, edema in the filamentary epithelium etc. Therefore, the present investigation illustrates that the presence of lead nitrate in water are toxic to fishes.

18-26

Authors: Ige Akindele, M

In Nigeria, tertiary education has over the years been enmeshed in crises, one of these being the incessant strikes by the staff of tertiary institutions, under the aegis of different trade unions. Without mincing words, strike is now a ritual that has to be performed in every tertiary institution in Nigeria. Many people are contending that it is the language which government understands. It is thus no longer strange to government, students, tertiary institutions’ administrators, and other stakeholders in education. A new attempt is usually termed to be business as usual. This paper examines the issue of strike, as it affects tertiary education in Nigeria. Special focus is on the causative factors in Nigeria, such as: inadequate funding of education and tertiary institutions, interference in tertiary institutions’ affairs, increase in fuel price, low wages/poor conditions of service, poverty, refusal to honour past agreement(s), introduction/implementation of obnoxious policies by Government. The paper also discussed the effects of the strike such as the delay in graduation of students, loss of jobs, lives, and confidence in tertiary education, proliferation of private tertiary institutions, particularly the universities loss of value of certificates and status of tertiary institutions, increase in crimes, delay in mobilisation of graduates of tertiary institutions for National Service, inactive economic activities, falling standard of education, conflicts among the unions and staff of tertiary institutions. To stem the tide in tertiary institutions and move tertiary education forward in this decade and beyond, an effective administration of tertiary institutions, adequate funding of education/tertiary education by government, orientation of staff of tertiary institutions, among other measures, are recommended.

30-38

Authors: Tong Zhengrong

．The hard facts we given in text prove that, relativity theory is the fallacy from mathematical errors and experimental perjuries. 2．Conclusion of the study show that one called “fundamental gravitino” (the theoretical mass-energy value given at mw = 3.636 x 10-45 kg) is the Material composition of dark matter in the universe and also it’s the material composition of all the elementary particles too. This is the root cause that the gravitation has universality. In-depth research, the results show that the fundamental gravitino” in all space is the material foundation of the electromagnetic interaction and propagation of light and other physical phenomena. Furthermore it shows that Stable elementary particles are the “droplets” under the strong gravitino pressure (strength calculated are consistent with the strong interaction) in the entire universe, similar to the droplets in the saturated gas. There are steady-state solutions in Mathematical models corresponding to the proton, the electron and the neutron.The theory for topics such as the dark matter, the dark energy, and the Higgs particle has the perfect explanation and reasonable conclusion… It seems, Chinese began to keep up with the world’s physical trend, started a new physics era of fundamental gravitinothe mass energy source of the universe.

44-50

Authors: Rajinder Tiwari

The advancement of communication based technology and the growth of the internet traffic have continuously driven the fast evolution of the intelligent networks based applications. As compared to the traditional optoelectronic switch based devices, all the optical transreceiver provides high throughput, rich routing functionalities, and excellent flexibility for rapid signal exchange in optical networking based systems. Among various optical switches, the thermal actuated ring switching devices provides the advantages of high accuracy, easy actuation, and reasonable switching speed for better data communication. However, when this device is used in the system scale up, it may encounter certain issues related to fabrication error, non accurate wavelength. A low-power multi-band RF receiver including a multi-band low-noise amplifier (LNA) based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard for sensor node applications response, and large terminal numbers in the control circuit. A 12-channel parallel optical receiver front-end amplifier array design and realization in a low cost 0.18 µm CMOS technology. The integrated circuit system has been designed, simulated and demonstrated with a decent performance having free spectral range (FSR) equal to 1.5 nm at 1534 nm and very accurate wavelength modulation to 0.3 nm within 0.01 nm fluctuations for thermal actuated ring type optical switch.

56-58

Authors: BAÇA Ferit

Since its beginning, the philosophical trend of pragmatism, literally “Philosophy of Action”, was fostered by optimism that makes “the impossible” to “possible”. Such was American pragmatism with highly dynamic features that were discussed by Charles Sanders Peirce, William James and John Dewey. The concept of the truth when it serves the individual as well as the society would serve as the starting point of the view of John Dewey, to overcome the subjective dualism, a feature of the traditional philosophy. It was exactly their views that influenced the shaping of the so-called “Philosophy of Action”. However, the study will focus on the views of these thinkers on pragmatism and its usefulness to society

63-69

Authors: Obeng-Denteh, William, Kyei John1, Eghan Esi Rhydal

Often times, we experience ups and downs in our spirit, sometimes we have no vivid explanation to what we really feel within. We normally classify these feeling as “bad mood”. At times the situation is the other way round, we feel elated, “positive” and confident to go about our normal roles. During these periods in our lives, we are normally inclined to doing certain things that interest us. The question we ask ourselves is; is there a way to explain this inevitable feeling and how to manage them? Are there negative or positive effects associated with these feelings? In this research, we delve deeper into things that cause these ups and downs in our emotional feelings and their effects on our lives being it positive or negative. Upon further investigations and research, we present a model of second order ordinary linear differential equation to measure and describe the various changes in mood with time. The rapid and periodic changes between extreme moods forms (mood swings) is further elaborated with a mathematical model. The trend in the changes of mood is demonstrated graphically with elaborative commentary.