European Journal of Academic Essays

1-5

Authors: J. Stephen Guffey, William C. Payne, Jessica Greenway, Ben Buchanan, Carly M. Dodson, Kristoffer Lancaster

Abstract: We have studied the effect of blue light on Mycobacterium smegmatis, and the effects of combined blue and infrared on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans and found that inhibition can be obtained. This research sought to determine the potential for visible and near-IR radiation to inhibit Klebseilla pneumoniae. Additionally, the study sought to determine whether wavelength, dose or a combination of wavelength and dose could produce a significant inhibitory effect. K. pneumoniae was tested due to its addition to the “urgent threat” list compiled by the Centers for Disease Control. The organism was treated in vitro with 464nm, 850nm and a combined 464 & 850nm light emitted from a supraluminous diode (SLD) array. Doses of 3, 10, 30, 45, 60 Joules per square centimeter (J/cm2) were used. Colony counts were compared to untreated controls using a Repeated Measures ANOVA. One-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD was used for post hoc analysis. The results revealed statistically significant inhibition of K. pneumoniae for wavelength, dose and interaction of wavelength and dose (Main Effect F1,9 = 3971.89, p = 0.00; Interactive Effect F1,9 = 645.68, p = 0.00). Post hoc analysis revealed that the combined 464 & 850nm wavelength at 45 and 60 J/cm2 were significantly effective and different from the other treatment conditions. A maximum kill rate of 96.19% was achieved with the combination blue/IR wavelength at 60 J/cm2 . We concluded that a combined visible and near-IR radiation at 45 and 60 J/cm2 is an effective inhibitor of K. pneumoniae.

17-23

Authors: Arohunsoro, Segun Joseph, Owolabi, Jimoh Temitayo, Omotoba, Nathaniel Ileri

Abstract: Vegetation growth/vegetal cover has played significant role in watershed management and its protection against ecological hazards in an urban environment. Urbanization plays a significant impact in the alteration of the ecological equilibrium of an environment. As city grows, watersheds are thrown into ecological entropy resulting to environmental disruptions. The paper demonstrates effect of deforestation and urban development on River Ajilosun drainage basin in AdoEkiti, Nigeria. The ecological impacts of flooding and erosion were studied by collecting direct field data on width of flooding and width of channel bank erosion. The basic equipment employed for the measurement are the tape, ranging pole and a piece of plank (tie rod). The data were analyzed with both the descriptive and inferential techniques. The result of the analysis revealed that ecological hazards caused by urbanization in the drainage basin included flooding and erosion which exhibited spatial variation across and along the profiles of the drainage basin. The study revealed further that deforestation and urban physical development affects the environment of the lower reaches of the drainage basin through flooding and also caused increased erosive effect of flooding in the downstream reaches of the Ajilosun drainage basin.

29-34

Authors: Ogundele Michael Olarewaju , Bello Yekeen

: The study examined the strategies the study for financing entrepreneurship education programme in Kwara State Tertiary institutions. Descriptive research design method was adopted for the study. Stratified random sampling techniques were used to select three Kwara State owned Tertiary institutions out of six. Stratified sampling techniques also used to select 150 respondents which comprise registrar, director of works, head of departments of engineering computer studies, catering and home economics, entrepreneurship education, technical and vocational education, school bursars, and the directors of consultancy services and students representatives from each of the sampled departments. The instruments used to collect relevant data are Financing Entrepreneurship Education Checklist [FEEC] and Entrepreneurship Education Development Questionnaire [EEDQ]. The two instruments were validated by the experts. Split-half reliability method was used to test the reliability index of LAEEQ using spearman ranking order statistics at .05 significance level. The rehability index of .61 and 71 show that the instruments are reliable. Four research questions were asked and two operational research hypotheses were generated to guide the study. All the research questions were answered using descriptive statistics and Pearson product moment correlation statistics was used to test the two research hypotheses at .05 significance level. The findings however revealed that huge amount are generated in Kwara State tertiary Institution but the funds devoted towards entrepreneurship education development are so low to extent that low entrepreneurship educational development was recorded in the tertiary institutions. The finding shows that there are low significant relationship between expenditure patterns and entrepreneurship education development in Kwara State tertiary institutions. It was however recommended that adequate funds should be provided for developing entrepreneurship education in the tertiary institutions. The schools shows also make use of the internally question funds to purchases necessary equipment for the effective teaching –learning of entrepreneurship education in Kwara State tertiary Institutions.

40-47

Authors: Tiwari Rajinder, Singh R. K.

LabVIEW is a graphical programming tool based on the dataflow language G. Recently, runtime support for a hard real time environment has become available for LabVIEW, which makes it an option for embedded system prototyping. Due to its characteristics, the environment presents itself as an ideal tool for both the design and implementation of embedded software. In this project we study the design and implementation of embedded software by using G as the specification language and the LabVIEW RT real time platform. One of the main advantages of this approach is that the environment leads itself to a very smooth transition from design to implementation, allowing for powerful co simulation strategies (e.g. hardware in the loop, runtime modeling). In order to evaluate the effectiveness and possible improvements on G as an embedded software description language we prove that, under certain conditions and semantic restrictions, a non-terminating G program is strictly bounded in memory. Home automation is an application of ubiquitous computing in which the home environment is monitored by ambient intelligence to provide context-aware services and facilitate remote home control. This paper discusses the approach of real-time system development using the data acquisition tool of LabVIEW. The system can monitor the temperature, humidity, lighting, fire & burglar alarm, gas density of the house and have infrared sensor to guarantees the family security. The approach combines hardware and software technologies. Virtual instrumentation uses a general-purpose computer to mimic real instruments with their controls and displays.

56-60

Authors: Balajee Maram, DrChalla Narasimham

: Information Security plays a vital in Data Communication in Intra-Organization and Inter-Organization. Till now so many algorithms have been introduced for providing Security to Data. Most of the algorithms are belongs to Cryptography. In Data Communication, the Data is encrypted using Private-Key/Public-Key. Then the encrypted data (Cipher) will be decrypted in Receiver-Side. For Data hiding, the Steganography techniques are very useful. In Steganography, Images are very important for carrying data. But this research paper proposes an enormous algorithm for Cryptography using Images. In the proposed algorithm, Double-reflecting Data-Perturbation method plays a vital for Encryption and Decryption. The proposed paper using Cryptography algorithm and shuffling data is converted into a Image. From Receiver-side, the Image is converted into ASCII and then data.

70-75

Authors: Amara Khaled , Bouazza Mokhtar, Besseghier Abderahmane, Tounsi Abedlouahed and Adda Bedia el Abbas

The present paper examine the vibrational characteristics of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) embedded in a polymer matrix based on the theory of strain gradient elasticity. The mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes and polymer matrix are treated as the functions of temperature change. The research work reveals the significance of the effect of small scale on wave propagation in DWNTs. It is demonstrated that some properties of transverse vibrations of DWNTs are dependent on the change of temperature.

80-92

Authors: Gholamreza Jandaghi , Mahmood Ramshini

: Through Exchange, non-efficient savings and investments entered into industries and organizations and can be used in economy of country in order to getting benefit for the entire of a community. Hence, this study analyzes a barrier of developing Exchange named lack of information related to performance of organization. At first by the study of theoretical background and then by consulting with experts; financial ratios were selected as performance indicators. They contain five main indicators and the 16 sub-indicators in the period of 6-year (2006-2011). By using fuzzy hierarchical analysis, we have weighted indicators and sub-indicators. In the next step, 3920 financial ratios were calculated for these two industries; then by multiplying the value of these ratios to weight of the indexes, the five main indicators were calculated. Finally by using the method of constant returns to scale in the output mood, and using DEA MASTER Software, the efficient and non-efficient organizations were isolated. In the petrochemical industry, the companies of Jahrom, Maroon, and Persian Gulf petrochemical; and in the automotive industry, the companies of Saipa Diesel, Iran Khodro Parts, Nasir Khodro, and Fanarsazi khavar are considered as the efficient companies. Therefore, these companies can be introduced to other companies as patterns. And also investors can be advised to consider these companies.