World Journal of Experimental Biosciences

Number 1, 2023

1 - 6
Traditional Methods of Diabetes Mellitus Treatment

Authors: Khalid Abdulkareem Mohammed

Abstract

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Number of views: 10

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic diseases in the world, and the incidence of this disease is not limited to specific age groups, and it appears among men and women and there is no effect on gender, age, and geographic area on the outbreak of this disease. Synthetic and natural materials have been used to control blood sugar levels in diabetics. The current study sheds light on the importance of this disease and the extent of its spread in the world, in addition to its most important types, which are Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) Insulin-independent diabetes mellitus (IIDM), and Gestational diabetes. The current study showed the most important herbal extracts that were used and are still used today in many countries to control hyperglycemia in diabetics, especially Brassica olerace. The effect of these herbal extracts is due to the presence of some active substances that reduce high blood sugar levels, and the most important of these substances are phenols and alkaloids. The effect of these substances on insulin-producing cells was discussed, as well as their direct and indirect effect on controlling high blood sugar in laboratory animals and people suffering from various types of diabetes. The study concluded that the use of herbal medicine is effective in reducing hyperglycemia in the patients with diabetes, in addition to being safe and having no side effects on patients who use them.

11-15
Comparison Study between Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in terms of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Production in Mice Lungs

Authors: Huda Abbas Mohammed, Lubna Abd Muttalib Alshalah

Abstract

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Number of views: 18

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most widespread bacteria. It causes infectious diseases and at the same time is found in soil and water. It stimulates the pro-inflammatory immune response. The study aims to compare the role of P. aeruginosa isolated from infected burned wounds and that isolated from fresh water in terms of stimulating the pro-inflammatory response of the respiratory tract. In the current study, P. aeruginosa isolates were isolated from infected burned wound swabs (PAC) and from freshwater (PAE). Laboratory mice were stimulated by giving them intranasal (i.n.) standard inoculum of pathogenic and environmental isolates of P. aeruginosa (PAC and PAE respectively). The levels of interleukin (IL-) 1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (α) were measured in the homogenized mice lungs. The study demonstrated that both isolates (PAC and PAE) stimulated the respiratory system to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α). Both isolates significantly (P<0.05) increased the level of IL-1β and TNF-α at the first-hour post-administration, and the highest level was observed at the fourth hour after administration with PAC and PAE. After that, the level of cytokines decreased dramatically over time. At 48 hours after administration, it was found that a significant increase of IL-1β and TNF-α was seen only in the lungs of the mice that were given the pathogenic isolates. It can be concluded that both isolates of P. aeruginosa (PAC and PAE) stimulate respiratory system cells to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, but PAC stimulates mice lungs to produce IL-1β and TNF-α in a higher level and for a longer period as compared with stimulation of mice lungs with PAE.

16-19
Effect of Polyhydroxybutyrate Nano-Particles (PHB-NPs) in Mice Kidney Tissues: Histopathological Investigation

Authors: Jenan A. Ghafil, Shamal A Al-Muffti

Abstract

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Number of views: 11

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a promising substance as it enters different applications such as medical, industrial, and food sectors. It is a safe material to prepare the PHB-nanoparticles (NPs) that are required to pass different chemo-physical reactions that may change its structure. That is why the PHB-NPs are required to assess their toxicity. The objective of the present investigation is to evaluate the cytotoxicity of PHB-NPs in vivo by examining the impact of PHB-NPs and other forms of this compound on kidney tissue. Within the confines of this study, PHB-NPs were synthesized in the laboratory through the application of ultrasound waves to PHB under varying pH conditions. The generation of PHB-NPs was estimated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Four cohorts of mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 mg of PHB, PHB-NPs, PHB-cefotaxime (CTX), and CTX. The control group consisted of mice that were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline. The mice were subsequently dissected, and kidney slides from each group were prepared for histopathological examination. The method used in the current study is effective in producing PHB-NPs with diameters ranging from 20 to 35 nm. Furthermore, there was no discernible alteration in the kidney tissues of the mice in the four cohorts when compared to the kidney tissues of the control group. Thus, the present study concludes that there is no observed toxicity or any other adverse effects associated with the administration of PHB, PHB-NP, PHB-NP+CTX, and CTX on the histological characteristics of the experimental animals.

20-24
Role of Lipopolysaccharide in Stimulating Rheumatoid Arthritis Leukocytes to Produce IL-1β in vitro

Authors: Israa M Subhi, Mohammed Hadi Munshed Al-Osami

Abstract

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Number of views: 12

The pro-inflammatory response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is considered one of the most common autoimmune diseases around the world. The role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in stimulating the pro-inflammatory response in patients with RA requires further clarification. The current study aims to determine the role of LPS in stimulating leukocytes in patients with RA to produce interleukin (IL-) 1 beta (β) in vitro. Here, LPS was extracted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and used in stimulating the cultures of leukocytes isolated from patients with RA and cultures of leukocytes isolated from healthy control (HC) people with LPS. Two control groups were employed, first, cultures of leukocytes isolated from patients with RA from HC people, and stimulated with phosphate buffer saline (PBS). The level of IL-1β was measured at the protein in supernatants of cell cultures and at the gene expression in leukocytes. The results showed the effect of LPS in stimulating leukocytes of patients with RA and HC people to produce IL-1β higher than the production of IL-1β in cultures of control groups (leukocytes of RA and HC exposed to PBS). The results also showed that leukocytes of patients with RA stimulated with LPS produced IL-1β (in terms of protein production and gene expression) higher than the production of IL-1β by leukocytes isolated from HC people and stimulated with LPS (P<0.05). It can be concluded that LPS stimulates leukocytes in RA patients to produce a high level of IL-1β and that plays a role in pro-inflammatory response in RA.