Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport

8

Authors: Ecaterina-Liliana MIRON, Daniela NAGY, Laurian GHERMAN, Marin MARINOV

This paper is a report in brief of the project that “Henri Coanda” Air Force Academy, in collaboration with partners from Poland and Bulgaria, carried out under the aegis of the Erasmus + program of the European Union by the end of 2018. The project was called Systems for Aerial Surveillance and Security (SASS). The project proposed the initiation of a process of uniformisation of competences necessary for the people involved in the field of aviation, namely obtaining a joint study plan for pilots, air traffic controllers, and air surveillance officers [3]. It opened the way for cooperation between the Air Force Academies that began a joint semester of study. Achieving the objectives of the project meant introducing an online teaching/learning system based on an e-learning platform. The e-learning features have been fully utilised through the introduction of a videoconference system that allows teaching/learning activities for professors/students at a distance. The completion of the project was carried out by evaluating the results obtained at different stages. The analysis was based on the feedback from the main target groups - students, teachers and beneficiaries of the graduates. Two periods of teacher and student mobility were required for evaluation and analysis. The students’ and teachers' opinions on the implementation of the curriculum by means of the e-learning platform were analysed in detail.

9

Authors: Ovidiu MOȘOIU, Ion BĂLĂCEANU, Eduard MIHAI

From the analysis of large-scale incidents in the field of cyber terrorism and the possible influence of the Russian government, it was concluded that cyber attacks represent threats to NATO member countries and were included in the list of security threats identified in the NATO`s New Strategic Concept of 2010. This conclusion makes terrorism a new dimension, a cybernetic one, as an adaption of terrorism to the new era and a new defence field to be taken in consideration – the cybernetic field. For these reasons, in 2016, NATO recognised the importance of introducing virtual space as an operational domain, which opened the gates to cyber security, and invited member countries to contribute to the development of cyber defence projects. The solution of the cyber attacks has created the conditions for normal functioning of any state critical infrastructure.

10

Authors: Zbigniew CZAPLA

This paper presents the video-based description method for vehicles passing a detection field. A sequence of source images is created by consecutive frames of the input video stream. The source images are converted into binary target images using the analysis of small gradients. Binary values of the target images represent edges and surfaces comprised in the source images. For all images, the same detection field composed of segments is defined. Inside each segment of the detection field, the sum of edge values is calculated. For the entire detection field, an adjusted sum of the edge values is determined. A vehicle passing the detection field changes the number of edge values within individual segments and the adjusted sum of the edge values for the entire detection field. Vehicle passage through the detection field is described by a discrete function that associates the adjusted sum of the edge values determined for the entire detection field in the current binary image to the ordinal number of the current image in the sequence of source images.

11

Authors: Cristian George CONSTANTINESCU, Vasile Ioan ŞANDRU, Constantin STRIMBU

Surface-Based Air Defence systems are the main actions on the ground means of response in fighting with aerial threats. Effectiveness of response is given by its basic elements as defended area size, type and number of missiles systems or command and control and logistical support. Guiding method means a well-defined law ruling the missile trajectory near the target, depending on target coordinates and motion parameters, to ensure a successful mission. The influence of target routing law on the missile guidance should not be confused with some guidance methods. Therefore, for missile guidance, it is enough to determine (regardless of the guidance method), the target motion equations related only to its coordinate elevation angle, kinematics, azimuth, and weather conditions.

11

Authors: Izabela SKZYPCZAK, Wanda KOKOSZKA, Tomasz PYTLOWANY, Wojciech RADWAŃSKI

In this article, Control charts are employed to analyse the strength quality control of ready-mixed concrete for rigid pavement. The results of the study support that CUSUM statistical analysis is more sensitive than the Shewhart control chart. The CUSUM chart can detect the continual changes in the concrete quality in a more accurate way. By combining the CUSUM control chart and the Shewhart control chart, higher accuracy of quality control analysis could be achieved, in order words, for quality control performance when in built/pouring the ready-mix concrete as rigid pavement.

12

Authors: Krzysztof LABISZ, Jarosław KONIECZNY

Rail transport is presently one of the most supported means of transport in Europe; it existed from the end of the 18th century. However, some issues especially concerning materials and its exploitation are still actual and are a matter of scientific projects or developments. In this paper, analyses concerning the characterisation of used track infrastructure elements in form of sleepers of the popular rail fastening system SKL 12 were performed. Specifically, the main objective of the work was the characteristics of the material microstructure and properties after long-term usage and natural ageing, reaching over a few decades. In this paper was conducted investigations concerning the non-used and used fasteners by reason of classic material research methods. The analysis was carried out based on the results obtained through research using mainly light, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as electron diffraction for the lattice structure determination, EDS chemical microanalysis and Rockwell hardness testing were also carried out in terms of identification of the chemical analysis changes that occurred after long-term application. The main reason was to characterise the long-term usage for the microstructure changes on the surface layer of the used fasteners compared to newly produced material.

12

Authors: Janak TRIVEDI, Mandalapu Sarada DEVI, Dave DHARA

Real-time traffic monitoring and parking are very important aspects for a better social and economic system. Python-based Intelligent Parking Management System (IPMS) module using a USB camera and a canny edge detection method was developed. The current situation of real-time parking slot was simultaneously checked, both online and via a mobile application, with a message of Parking “Available” or “Not available” for 10 parking slots. In addition, at the time entering in parking module, gate open and at the time of exit parking module, the gate closes automatically using servomotor and sensors. Results are displayed in figures with the proposed method flow chart.

15

Authors: Maciej MINDUR

The economy of Singapore is characterised by a stable political environment, favourable business conditions and very well-developed infrastructure attracting foreign direct investment, being the driving force of the economy. It is highly dependent on export, as well as on the dynamic sectors of transport, business and financial services. Singapore’s natural deep-sea ports and the geographical location at the crossroads of important shipping channels makes its trade a major economic sector, next to production and services. There are currently more than 5,000 maritime companies operating in Singapore, including over 130 international shipping groups, which constitute an important pillar for the international maritime transport hub. This article discusses Singapore’s economic situation by analysing the dynamic GDP growth over the years 1960– 2016 as well as other economic indicators achieved in 2004–2017, including the dynamics of foreign trade. This research covers the port’s ownership and organisational structure, and its terminals have been reviewed in terms of their location, infrastructure and functions by taking into account the new generation terminal of the port of Tuas, currently under development. Over the years, the port has seen a steady increase in revenue from transhipment, which is confirmed by the dynamics of the container volume growth over the years 1972–2017, the transhipment volume over the years 2007–2018 and the number of container ships calling at the port along with their total capacity over the years 2007–2017, as elaborated in the article.