Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport

7

Authors: Agnieszka FORTOŃSKA

The author of this article will discuss issues related to aircraft accidents. The paper will set out the investigative activities carried out by Poland’s State Commission on Aircraft Accidents Investigation. The author will also address the concept of liability for aircraft accidents. The paper will be concluded with comments on aviation accidents.

9

Authors: Grzegorz BUDZIK, Aleksander MAZURKOW

The paper presents modelling process and results of the bench tests of the C0-45, which is a turbocharger for heavy-duty diesel engines. For turbochargers like this, it is necessary to measure the level of vibration. This paper presents the test results for 115 turbochargers. Rotor speed during the tests varied between 25,000 and 42,000 rpm. Rotor speed during the tests on a C0-45 turbocharger varied within three ranges, i.e., Range I: n=25,000-32,000 rpm and a=0.5g; Range II: n=33,000-38,000 rpm and a=1.0g; Range III: n=39,000-42,000 rpm and a=1.5g; (g=9.81m/s2). Measurement of vibrations was realized by a sensor located on the body of the turbocharger. Bench tests also included measurement of key charge parameters such as the amount of mass trapped, mean flow velocities, turbulence level, gas pressure, temperature and oil flow. The results are presented in the form of diagrams showing the amplitude of the acceleration function with regard to the rotor’s RPM. Research shows that using the correct parameters in construction and technological processes of assembly are very important for the effective functioning turbochargers.

9

Authors: Bożena SZCZUCKA-LASOTA

This paper describes the influence of road transport on urbanization and the transport of oversized loads. There is an increasing interest in oversized transport and urban development. In this developmental context, it is necessary to transport heavy construction machinery, infrastructure elements, pipes for gas pipelines and waterworks, or even rails to create roads for rail transport. For this purpose, the transport of loads exceeding standard parameters (16.50 m in length, 2.55 m in width, 4.00 m in height and 40 Mg in mass) is used. Oversized traffic has many obstacles on the roads, such as low bridges and viaducts, narrow roads, poor technical condition of roads, road works and low-permeability roundabouts.

11

Authors: Marek BISTÁK, František BRUMERČÍK, Michal LUKÁČ

This article presents a brief overview of weighing systems and devices designed to facilitate fluent and safe road traffic. The number of vehicles on roads is perpetually on the rise, resulting in increased wear of road surfaces. This is why weight check gates have widely been implemented to check the speed and weight of a vehicle against what is permitted by law. A cheaper, albeit more time-consuming, traffic weighing alternative would involve weighing points using weighbridges or mobile axle scales. The second part of this article examines the development of an axle scale. The design and calculation works were performed with the use of the Creo Parametric CAD system and the ANSYS Workbench FEM system.

11

Authors: Jerzy MARGIELEWICZ, Damian GĄSKA, Grzegorz WOJNAR

This paper presents the results of computer simulations of a gear model, where the variable stiffness of the meshing and backlash are considered. The outcome of such assumptions is a non-linear mathematical model in which chaotic phenomena can occur. During model studies, attention was paid to the identification of areas limited by the physical parameters, for which the analysed system behaved chaotically. To determine the ranges of irregular gear behaviour, numerical procedures were used to plot the bifurcation diagram, the Lyapunov exponent, the amplitude-frequency distribution and the Poincaré cross section.

12

Authors: Kamil KRASUSKI, Janusz ĆWIKLAK

The aim of this article is to present the results of GLONASS positioning in kinematic mode in air navigation. The flight experiment was conducted at Dęblin Airfield on a Cessna 172 aircraft. The aircraft position was recovered on the basis of the single-point positioning (SPP) method of the GLONASS code observations. The numerical computations of aircraft coordinates were executed in the RTKPOST library of the RTKLIB software. The standard deviations in aircraft position in a BLh geodetic frame were checked with the ICAO standards on civil aviation for the GLONASS system. The typical accuracy of aircraft positioning on the horizontal plane is better than 12 m, whereas, on a vertical plane, it is better than 17 m. In this paper, standard.

12

Authors: Elżbieta MACIOSZEK, Damian LACH

Tools for counting traffic are not only used to obtain information about traffic conditions and necessary data in order to design new transport system infrastructure. They primarily allow for the assessment of road users’ communication needs, as well as their dynamic mobility in the transport network of the analysis area. In these aspects, general traffic measurements (GTM), which, since 1965, have been performed in Poland every five years, are extremely helpful. The article presents the results of a detailed analysis of the data derived from the GTM conducted in the period 2005-2015 on voivodeship roads. The analysis was carried out using results from the West Pomeranian Voivodeship.

13

Authors: Damian TOBÓR, Jacek BARCIK, Piotr CZECH

Over the past few years, interest in the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (commonly referred to as drones) has increased. Uncontrolled drone flights poses a threat to air navigation, including air transport. The aim of this article is to identify potential sources of this threat, together with the identification of Polish legal regulations that respond to them. Conclusions will be based on proposals de lege ferenda, i.e., related to the postulated change of legal regulations, in order to limit the risk of incidents. The object of the article is subordinate to its structure, consisting of five parts. In the first part, the concept of unmanned aerial vehicles used by the Polish legislature will be defined, which is necessary because of the inaccuracies surrounding it. The second part will present ways to use drones for civilian purposes. The next part of the article will describe the cases of accident and aerial incidents involving drones. The fourth part focuses on the indication of Polish legal regulations related to the exploitation of drones. The article closes with concise conclusions.

14

Authors: Serhiy MELNYCHUK, Ivan VITIUK, Ihor BOVSUNIVSKYI, Dmytro BEHERSKYI, Yuriy KUBRAK

An N1 vehicle model is created, which allows for changing suspension parameters and conditions of experimental performance. A methodology of computer testing performance for vehicle ride comfort and stability service properties’ characterization in a virtual environment is proposed. Vehicle suspension system modelling and simulation are performed. The results of the N1 vehicle suspension system from full-scale laboratory and road tests are given.