European Journal of Molecular Biotechnology

7-21

Authors: Anvar M. Mamadaliev

The article is dedicated to the 10th anniversary of the “European Journal of Molecular Biotechnology”. The research material was articles published from 2013 to 2023. 102 articles were published during the specified period. Such research methods as the method of historical content analysis (historiographic/bibliographic method), the historical-typological method and the synthesis method were used in the work. The application of molecular biotechnologies in such fields as medicine, genetics, agricultural and industrial production, etc. is analyzed. The analysis of the articles showed that most of the research was published on human problems: medical, genetic and archaeological aspects of molecular biotechnologies, etc. In second place – research in virology, bacteriology, as well as work on crop production, animal husbandry and research of biotechnologies in agricultural production. In third place in terms of the number of publications were works on climatology, certain problems of chemistry, etc. The smallest number of articles is on research in the field of industrial production.

8-14

Authors: Ignat Ignatov

Scientific studies indicate that the quality of milk and dairy products from cows, sheep, and goats can be enhanced by improving the properties of water. The author introduces a plastic container holding 1000 liters or 1 ton of water subjected to a constant magnetic field. Additionally, potassium carbonate is dissolved in the container. The alkaline environment affects the acidity of the animals' stomachs and provides protection against diseases. Studies and analyses have been conducted on the effects on water using potassium carbonate and a constant magnetic field. The spectral methods Non-equilibrium Energy Spectrum (NES), Differential Non-equilibrium Energy Spectrum (DNES), and Infrared Fourier Spectral Analysis were applied for the studies. Deionized water with a volume of 1 liter was used as the model system. The results are extrapolated for a volume of 1000 liters or 1 ton of drinking water. The obtained water complies with Ordinance No 9/2001, Official State Gazette, issue 30, and Decree No 178/23.07.2004 of Council of Ministers, Bulgaria. The two documents are connected with the quality of water for drinking and household purposes. Potassium, carbonate, and bicarbonate ions are not included in the regulation. They are not subject to any limit or restriction.

12-25

Authors: Maha M. Gomaa, Safia A. Mahmoud

This study offers a synthesis of novel simple (bis simple) cyanine dyes and carbo (bis carbo) cyanine dyes having the nucleus of ethyl 5 cyano-4-methyl-1[3-amino-4-methyl(4-nitro) phenyl] 6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridazine-3-ethyl carboxylate. The electronic absorption spectra of all the new synthesized simple (bis simple) and carbo (bis carbo) cyanine dyes investigated in 95 % (ethyl alcohol) to evaluate their sensitization properties. Studying spectral sensitization is very important in the case of cyanine dyes due to the extensive uses and applications of these dyes as photographyic sensitizers in industry. The antibacterial and antifungal properties of some selected cyanine dyes were evaluated against two bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus), and two fungi (Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans) and showed promising results. Structural characterization and confirmation carried out by mass spectra, elemental analysis, visible, 1H NMR, and IR spectral data. Finally, dyeing process, and the fastness properties of the dyes were examined on polyester fabric. Polyester is the hydrophobic fibers and usually dyed with disperse dyes because of their high tinctorial strength and good fastness properties.

31-36

Authors: Iboyi Nathaniel Onuche, Adebayo Joseph Oluwatope

Renal disorders have always remained a major area of concern for physicians since a long time and most are of these are drug induced. Antibiotic are used to treat infections caused by organisms that are sensitive to them, e.g gentamycin which is an aminoglycosides which are ototoxic and nephrotoxic. This study looks at the Nephroprotective activity of ethyl acetate extract of husk fibre of Cocus nucifera for its protective effects on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in albino mice. For studying acute toxicity study, the study groups contained eight rats in each group and oral dosage of 100, 50, 25 mg ethyl acetate husk fibre of Cocus nucifera extract/kg body weights was administered to albino mice. Nephrotoxicity was induced in albino mice by daily intraperetoneal administration of gentamicin 45 mg/kg/day for 10 days. Effect of concurrent administration of ethyl acetate extract of Cocus nucifera at a dose of 100, 50 and 25 mg/kg/day given by oral route for 17 days. The biochemical parameter such as serum electrolytes as indicators of kidney damage was determined by using one way ANOVA the results are significant at P>005. The result shows that at higher concentration of the extract, kidney damage was not seen while lower concentration it was seen.

14-23

Authors: Fabio Huether, Ignat Ignatov, Nedyalka Valcheva, Georgi Gluhchev

Scientific evidence of Ignat Ignatov and Oleg Mosin show that in the mountain areas in Bulgaria, where the scientific and practical project “Nature, Ecology, Longevity” is held, one can meet 104 years old centenarians. In the field areas at a distance of only about 50-70 km, the oldest person is 97 years old. We have reasons to give these facts some thought. The difference is in the water, the air and the physical activity. In the mountains people drink water from springs. This water is “active”. When you drink water from the source itself, the water molecules are more dynamic and it is “tastier, more energy-filled and more alive”. In biophysics it is known that movement is life. Therefore, people who are active, live longer. They also feel the water more strongly, a water that is like an elixir even after the first sips from the spring. Everyone should ask themselves: “How can we have such water in our homes?” The research shows that tap water has low level of energy of hydrogen bonds among water molecules.

35-41

Authors: Pavel A. Krylov, Elena O. Gerasimova, Yulia A. Shatyr, Alexander B. Mulik, Valery V. Novochadov

The algorithm has been developed for virtual screening of protein polymorphisms that perform various biological functions, primarily related to the regulation of mechanisms at various levels of organization: systemic, cellular, and molecular. The algorithm was developed using the Python v. 3.6.5 programming language in the PyCharm environment. The algorithm includes an automatic search for articles and displays a list that mentions a protein or polymorphism involved in a particular process for specified keywords in PubMed Central. The identified protein and its information are then used to work with the dbSNP database. The algorithm allows sorting polymorphisms according to the following key criteria: whether this polymorphism has been studied or not, whether there is information about its clinical manifestations, the localization of the polymorphism, and the frequency occurrence. The algorithm was tested on the analysis of polymorphisms of the ACAN gene, previously found by automatic search, by keywords characteristic of the functional features of this gene. As a result, the developed algorithm for virtual screening allowed us to identify polymorphisms of the ACAN gene, according to the stated selection criteria: the total number of polymorphisms (130), their localization in structural and functional domains and in coding (85) or non-coding (52) regions of the gene, as well as the presence of clinical manifestations (136). In the future, the optimization of the algorithm will allow us to obtain more detailed information about certain protein polymorphisms, which will allow us to solve problems in biomedicine, pharmaceuticals, and other biotechnological industries.

63-72

Authors: Sofia Borsali, Rabah Chadli

This study examines the eco-toxicological assessment of brown algae contamination in the western Mediterranean coast of Algeria at beach of Sidi Ladjal, Wilaya Mostaganem. The toxicity of Cystoseira stricta forests has been estimated in Shrimp Brine (Artemia salina), LD50 lethality tests are widely used in research and applied toxicology; The responses to cyto-toxicity tests on algal extracts by solvents using a standardized method of Brine Shrimp are based on different concentrations. The LD50 values of the different extracts are obtained by different linear expressions. The results indicate that the raw extracts of the brown seaweed Cystoseira stricta samples from Sidi Ladjel beach are toxic to Artemia salina, These extracts gave different results for each concentration subjected to brine and the percentage of larval mortality increases with concentration. According to different Toxicity Assessment Criteria we were able to conclude that: The most toxic are those of chloroform and petroleum ether where ever Methanol and hexane extracts that are moderately toxic. The study of the antioxidant power by the trapping of the radical DPPH, and the quantification of the total antioxidant capacity, reveals the presence of antioxidant properties for the studied extract; Also regarding the metal contamination, our alga has higher levels of zinc followed by copper and lead. All these results obtained are only a first steep in the search for biologically active natural substances from marine algae.

86-90

Authors: Ignat Ignatov

Studies were performed with water ADVA. The analyses have been conducted with Nonequilibrium Energy Spectrum (NES) and Differential Nonequilibrium Energy Spectrum (DNES) methods (Antonov, 1995; Ignatov, 1998). Increasing of DNES spectrum of water ADVA according to the control sample was observed. The NES and DNES spectrum were in the range (-0.08 – -0.14 eV) (8.9 –15.5 µm) (645–1129 cm-1). The parameters of the following local extremums were studied: E=-0.1112 eV )(λ=11.15 μm)(ṽ=897 cm-1) is the local extremum for stimulating effect on nervous system and improvement of nervous conductivity. E=-0.1212 eV (λ=10.23 μm)( ṽ=978 cm-1) is the local extremum for anti inflammatory effect. E= -0.1387 eV )(λ=8.95 μm)(ṽ=1117 cm-1) is the local extremum for inhibition of development of tumor cells of molecular level.

100-108

Authors: Valery V. Novochadov, Elena A. Ivantsova, Nikolay V. Onistratenko, Pavel A. Krylov

The study deals with the problem of combating the growth of undesirable vegetation on the borders of agroecosystems and in unrecoverable areas (intrusions) within these systems. The immediate objective of the study was to reduce the growth of dominant and subdominant species in arid plant communities on the example of Artemisia lerchiana. To solve this problem, we used an approach based on the impact on the irremediable or difficultly eliminated herbaceous areas using plant root treatment in the early vegetative phase. To do this, we developed an aqueous suspension of the original variable composition, which provided delivery to the plant roots, based on 1 kg of surface soil layer: 20-40 mg of copper ions and/or 1-2 mg of zinc ions (1); 8-20 mg of citric and/or succinic acid, permissible in the form of sodium or potassium salts (2); and 10-20 mg of chitosan (3). As a result, a complex biogenic effect of the received suspension on the soil microbiota and plants was achieved. The improved inhibiting the plant growth and reducing the projective coverage (only for zinc ions or combination copper with chitosan in high concentrations), are the experimental basis for subsequent field tests. For this study we developed a working algorithm for the selection of components and its concentration, based on mathematical modeling of different responses of plant communities to variations in the composition of the suspension for plant root treatment.

122-125

Authors: Stoil Karadzhov, Ignat Ignatov, Hristo Najdenski, Teodora Popova, Wolfgang Luepcke, Georgi Gluhchev, Nik Kolev, Stefan Balabanov

The places for spreading of viruses in ground water are mostly in non-porous media aquifers. They are karst (limestone) aquifers and fractured bedrock (metamorphic rock) (Fong et al., 2007). Different authors have proved the spreading of the viruses in ground water. The Berger’s study has dealt with Enteric virus (Berger, 2007). Norwalk-like virus has detected in ground water (Anderson, 2001). The African swine fever (ASF) is contagious and rapidly spreading swine disease. The great virulence and continuous resilience in the environment, including in the natural water sources as an activator of African swine fever virus (ASFV), are a prerequisite for a seamless cross-border transmission of the disease, defining it as a main threat for the world’s pig meat production. In 2007 ASFV infected pigs in Georgia, and in 2014 it reached the European Union (Boklund et al., 2018). In 2019 it has been observed in Bulgaria and has had serious economic consequences. The Tissue Culture Infectious Dose (TCID) for pigs is 101.0 TCID50 in liquids, and is 106.8 TCID50 in dried fodder (Niederwerder et al., 2019). Contaminated water from the Danube River has been implicated in introducing ASF onto the ≈140,000 pig-breeding farms.