Revista Clio América

469-485

Authors: Remedios Catalina Pitre-Redondo, Hugo Gaspar Hernández-Palma, Angela Sierra-Parodi

Today,entrepreneurialactivitiesrepresentoneofthemainsourcesofeconomicgrowthandemploymentcreation.Therefore,itisofgreatimportancetoreviewthemainfactorsthatinfluencetheirsuccessorfailureandhowthetoolsofstrategicdirection can impact your profits. Accordingly, a study was developed, based on the documentary review of articles relatedto the research topic, supported by highly recognized scientific databases. The results provided an overview of thephenomenon of creation and closure of business in Colombia, including progress related to the orange economy sector,recently promoted by the national government. Hence, it is concluded that new entrepreneurs have very particularcharacteristicsthatgenerateadifferentiatingfactorcomparedtoothers,suchastheirage,theirinitiativetowardsinnovation,theuseofnewtechnologies,theinterdisciplinarityoftheirknowledge,amongothers.469ClíoAmérica/ISSN Web 2389-7848/Vol.14,No.28,junio–diciembrede2020

493-503

Authors: Flavio Rafael González-Ayala, Jorge Isaac Lechuga-Cardozo

This article aims to show evidence of the behavior of the trade balance, exports, and imports between the Pacific Alliance -PA and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations -ASEAN comparatively, in the period 2002 to 2018. A quantitative, correlational, descriptive, non-experimental and cross-sectional study was defined. The hypotheses that there are significant differences between the average growth of exports, imports and trade balance of the Pacific Alliance and the average growth of exports, imports and trade balance of ASEAN are accepted. On the contrary, the hypothesis that there are no significant (equal) differences between the average growth of exports and imports of the Pacific Alliance and the average growth of exports and imports of ASEAN is rejected. This does not explain the behavior of the balance of payments since there are significant differences between the growth of exports and imports of PA and ASEAN.

517-530

Authors: Stefany Loren Orcasita-Cordoba, Julieth Lizcano-Prada, Jahir Lombana-Coy

The United Nations Rio Declaration on Environment and Development stands for global recognition of the need for sustainable production and consumption. Since then, Sustainability Standards have grown in number and importance in the marketing of different products, particularly in the agri-food sector. The objective of this is to identify the principal lines of study in the academic literature on Sustainability Standards in agribusiness. For the review, a bibliometrictechnique was used to recognize the connections between articles indexed in the Web of Science database. This analysis resulted in three lines of study in the literature: governance, value chain, and impact measurement of standards on agri-food products such as coffee, bananas, palm oil, and cocoa. This article recognizes the authors who have addressed Sustainability Standards in agribusiness and identifies future lines of research-oriented towards the measurement of impact and contribution to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals; private governance and value chain; and the development of standards by particular actors such as retailers.

541-558

Authors: Cindy Paola Pinzón-Ríos, Ignacio Osuna-Soto, Ernesto Barrera-Duque

Thispaper seeks tounderstand the impact of social media user interactions onluxury makeup brands’strategies.Weused a mixof methodologies.The qualitative method was useful forcontent analysis onTwitter for two monthsof 2016. The quantitative methodapplied a zero-inflated Poissonregression model to determine tweet characteristics related to repliesand an extensive interaction volume. Thisstudy revealsthat the user report was predominant in the consumerjourneyconcerningpre-purchase andpost-purchase, but interactionprevailsat the extremes of the journey.Also, tweetinteraction increaseswith hedonistic values, specifically beauty, butsurprisingly,links and videos within the tweet content undermine interaction.Pragmatically, luxury makeup brand marketers can use these findings to improve marketing strategies andexplore new opportunities forthe consumer journey.

380-389

Authors: Edwin Eduardo Millán-Rojas, Verenice Sánchez-Castillo, Carlos Alberto Gómez-Cano

El presente trabajo desarrolla los fundamentos teóricos del ecoturismo como alternativa de desarrollo social y económico en el mundo globalizado. Se utilizó el método exploratorio descriptivo con el propósito de indagar experiencias significativas en diferentes países, buscando los impactos positivos y negativos del ecoturismo en diferentes contextos. Se logró demostrar la necesidad de acompañar las iniciativas empresariales del ecoturismo con una educación ambiental para mitigar el gasto del recurso ambiental ocasionado por su sobreexplotación. Al final se deja evidencia de los diferentes casos de éxito y problemáticas generadas a partir del desarrollo social y económico ocasionado por el ecoturismo en diferentes comunidades en el mundo, donde se evidencia que a pesar de estar en sitios geográficos distantes, los problemas generalmente son los mismos. Por último, es necesario ampliar a nuevos trabajos en los que se sistematicen las prácticas tangibles de la educación ambiental y cómo esta impacta de manera real en el desarrollo de las comunidades.

401-408

Authors: Eduardo Felipe Vásquez-Barajas, Liliana Marcela Bastos-Osorio, Johanna Milena Mogrovejo-Andrade

The objective of this paper is to design a methodology for the internal assessment of a value chain. The methodology includes a type of quantitative research, a deductive research method and a type of explanatory study. Regarding the results, the methodology designed for the internal assessment focuses on Michael Porter's value chain scheme with its main and support activities in a matrix that allows describing and weighing the relationship of each main activity with each support activity.The proposed matrix locates the 5 main activities on the vertical axis and the 4 support activities on the horizontal axis. It distributes 100 % among the 9 activities as follows: a percentage higher than 50 % for the 5 main activities because they arethe central part of a value chain. The remaining percentage for the support activities since, without them, the main activities would not have support. In conclusion, the design of the proposed methodology for the internal assessment of the value chain makes it possible to identify strong main and support activities as competitiveness advantages or to be improved as weaknesses, as the relations between them.

422-429

Authors: Ender José Barrientos-Monsalve, José Ascensión Cáceres-Caballero, Omaira Mendoza-Ferreira, Lloyd Herberth Morris-Molina, Luz Teresa Berbesi-De Granados

The context of consumers,who followthe market trends or situations ofdifferent countries, haschangedin recent decades. However, border regions,asspecial zones,behave differently from the rest of anycountry.Colombia is no exception; therefore,the purpose of this research is to reveal the experiences of crucialinformants through a case study ofcompanies in Cúcutausinggrounded theory as an interpretive research method.Through the applied instrument, managersrevealed theircurrent situation regardingthe flowingpresence of Venezuelans ascustomers.This flow producedpositive effects on thepharmacy, grocery,and transportationsectors. On the contrary, the healthcare,currencyexchange,and esthetics sectors wereadverselyaffected, whilethere was no variation in the telecommunications and legal advice.

441-453

Authors: María Margarita Tirado-Vides, Lorena Cudris-Torres, Miladys Paola Redondo-Marín, Luz Karine Jiménez-Ruiz

The objective of the article is to establish the relationship between emotional intelligence, organizational climate and occupational stress in workers who provide services in early childhood. A cross-sectional correlational quantitative study was carried out, using non-probabilistic sampling. To recover the data, the occupational stress questionnaires contained in the technical annex of Resolution 2646 were applied, with the emotional intelligence questionnaire "Trait Meta Mood Scale" (TMSS24) and the Organizational Climate Scale (EDCO) to 150 employees. The information was analyzed with the SPSS statistical package, with statistics that made it possible to establish correlations taking into account the type of variableand the measurement scale. The findings indicate that there is a significant correlation between organizational climate and work stress and, surprisingly, there was a trend that the people who identify the best organizational climate are also those who perceive higher levels of work stress. It is concluded that it is necessary to carry out a primary and secondary prevention program where activities are developed aimed at strengthening the emotional intelligence of workers and reducing stress levels. In future investigations, variables such as performance evaluation, leadership and teamwork should be included