International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology

12

Authors: M. I. Afzal, Waqar Mahmood, Sheikh Muhammad Sajid and Shin Seoyong

Broad spectrum of optical wireless communication is available, which can fulfill the requirements of high speed wireless communication. This is the basic advantage of optical wireless communication over conventional wireless communication technologies. The other important thing is the day by day decreasing size of wireless sensors with the advent of advancement in device processing technologies like micro- and nano-electromechanical systems. This decrease in dimensions of sensors causes serious problem for battery storage capacity. We address this issue and propose a model of communication and recharging of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) nodes simultaneously using passive optical communication. We propose both Line-of-Sight and Quasi-diffuse communication for this purpose. There are some situations where direct LOS is better option while at non-line-of-sight, the energy of a multi-spot Quasi-diffuse beam can be utilized. In our model we have used modified Corner Cube Retroreflector (CCR) and a newly proposed device Thinfilm Corner Cube Retroreflector (TCCR) for passive communication and recharging sensor nodes. These devices have large angle of diversity due to which they can provide communication facility to large areas. Our analysis shows that the proposed model could show better performance and significant increase in network life time.

14

Authors: Fumio Sakabe, Masahiro Murakawa, Takumi Kobayashi, Tetsuya Higuchi and Nobuyuki Otsu

We propose a chapter mark addition method for surgery video application that adopts cubic higher-order local auto-correlation (CHLAC) features. In our method, normal motions, which frequently occur in a scene, are statistically learnt by using CHLAC in combination with the subspace method. An anomalous motion exists far from the subspace of the frequently-observed motions and such motion is detected based on the deviation from the subspace, and a chapter mark is placed just before the position of the detected anomalous motion. We conducted preliminary experiments using surgery video data to confirm effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method can detect the motions not frequently-observed in a surgery operation and the chapters are effectively constructed.

22

Authors: Liu JingYong, Zhang LiChen, Zhong Yong and Chen Yong

Middleware facilitates the development of distributed systems by accommodating heterogeneity, hiding distribution details and providing a set of common and domain specific services. It plays a central and essential role for developing distributed systems. However, middleware is considered a mean rather than core elements of development process in the existing distributed systems software process. This paper explains the concept of middleware by categorizes middleware and analysis the problems of current middleware architectures. It also extracts three essential non-functional requirements of middleware and proposes a middleware-based distributed systems software process. The proposed software process consists in five phases: requirements analysis, design, validation, development and testing. The characteristics of middleware are considered in the entire software process. Component-Based Software Engineering, Separation of Concerns, Model-Driven Architecture, formal methods and Aspect Oriented Programming are five active research areas that have been around for several years now. In this paper, we present how these five paradigms can be put together in the context of a new software development method and we show how they can complement each other at different stages in the development life-cycle of middleware-mediated applications.