Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine

239-247

Authors: Byoung Ok Cho, Jae Young Shin, Ji-Su Kim, Denis Nchang Che, Hyun Ju Kang, Hyeon Jin Kang, Hyeonhwa Oh, Young-Soo Kim, Seon Il Jang

Objective: To evaluate the effect of different extracts of Diospyros lotus leaves in atopic dermatitis Methods: Diospyros lotus leaves were extracted in ethanol and treated with or without hydrochloric acid or α-rhamnosidase to obtain three different extracts-ethanol, acid-hydrolyzed, and enzyme-hydrolyzed leaf extracts of date plum. The myricitrin content in all samples was measured using HPLC analysis. In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts were determined by measuring DPPH radical scavenging activities and nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells, respectively. Seven- week-old male hairless mice were used to evaluate the anti-atopic dermatitis effects of three extracts in vivo. Splenocytes and mast cells were used to further determine the anti-atopic dermatitis effects of the major compound in the ethanol leaf extract. Results: Enzyme-hydrolyzed leaf extract showed significant in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and attenuated atopic dermatitis-like skin symptoms and clinical signs more significantly than ethanol and acid-hydrolyzed leaf extracts in 1-fluoro-2,4- dinitrobenzene and house dust mite antigen-treated hairless mice. Enzyme-hydrolyzed leaf extract also suppressed the serum level of immunoglobulin E, interleukin (IL)-4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine in mice with atopic dermatitis. Furthermore, histological analysis revealed that enzyme- hydrolyzed leaf extract suppressed the increased epidermal thickness, dermal infiltration of inflammatory cells, and infiltration and degranulation of mast cells more markedly than the other two extracts in atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions. In addition, this extract effectively inhibited the production of IFN-γ, IL-4,and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine compared with the other two extracts in concanavalin A-stimulated splenocytes. Myricitrin, a major compound of enzyme-hydrolyzed leaf extract, suppressed atopic dermatitis biomarkers in stimulated mouse splenocytes and HMC-1 human mast cells. Conclusions: These results suggest that enzyme-hydrolyzed leaf extract might be a potential candidate to treat atopic dermatitis.

254-262

Authors: Manisha J Oza, Yogesh A Kulkarni

Objective: To evaluate the effect of formononetin on type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy. Methods: Diabetes was induced by feeding high-fat diet for 2 weeks and administration of 35 mg/kg of streptozotocin in rats. Formononetin was administered at 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg for 16 weeks once a day. Plasma glucose, lipid parameters, and cardiac markers in blood samples were measured. Body weight and relative heart weight were recorded. Hemodynamic parameters, oxidative stress parameters and silence information regulator 1 (SIRT1) expression in cardiac tissue were estimated. Histopathological changes in cardiac tissue were also observed. Results: Formononetin significantly reduced the levels of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, creatine kinase- MB, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase. In addition, formononetin significantly improved hemodynamic parameters, alleviated oxidative stress and increased SIRT1 expression. Conclusions: The study indicates that formononetin can improve hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia, reduce oxidative stress and increase SIRT1 expression. It can be a potential therapeutic agent for diabetic cardiomyopathy.

273-280

Authors: Furoida Moolsap, Supita Tanasawet, Mayuree H Tantisira, Pilaiwanwadee Hutamekalin, Varomyalin Tipmanee, Wanida Sukketsiri

Objective: To evaluate the effect of standardized extract of Centella asiatica ECa 233 on inflammatory mediator production through cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway in keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Methods: HaCaT cells were treated with 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/mL ECa 233 in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin E2 were assessed with ELISA. Western blotting was used to determine the inhibition of COX-2, ERK1/2 and NF-κB protein expression. Results: ECa 233 suppressed LPS-induced release of interleukin- 1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and prostaglandin E2. ECa 233 also inhibitedCOX-2, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and the activation of NF-κB. Moreover, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was decreased in response to LPS-inflamed keratinocytes. Conclusions: ECa 233 inhibits LPS-stimulated production of inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes via suppressing ERK1/2 andNF-κB pathways. The suppressive effect of ECa 233 may be related to an inhibition of ROS production.