Journal of community health research

11-18

Authors: Saeid Hayati Kadijani, Mehrnoosh Jafari

Abstract Introduction: Increasing women's employment and economic activity increases social welfare, productivity and enhance the quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of women's employment and social health of families in Regions 1, 2, 19 and 20 in Tehran. Materials & Methods: This study was descriptive and causal - comparative or retrospective. The sample was selected using a multistage cluster sampling and by helping formulation Cochran was 384. Standardized questionnaire (Keyes) was used to measure social health. For data analysis, descriptive statistical criteria (mean, median, mode and standard deviation) and inferential statistics such as (chi-square test, t, and analysis of variance) were used. Results: Findings showed a significant positive relationship between women's employment and social health of the family. There are significantly and positively relation between Component of social health (social acceptance, social adaptation, social prosperity) and women's employment. There isn’t relationship between Women's employment and social cohesion and social participation. Conclusion: Woman employment affects family social health. Managers must have attention to woman employment in their strategic plan to creating healthy social.

29-37

Authors: Abbas Askari Nodoushan, Hossein Fallahzadeh Abarghoui, Hassan Fallah Madvari

Abstract Introduction: Provision, maintaining and improving health status of one year old and younger children as a vulnerable group has been considered as an important issue pertaining to healthcare and medical services. Index of mortality of under one year old children is among most important healthcare indices; and is known as the most important index of healthcare status of any society as well as the quality of life in any region. The present study aimed for examining causes of mortality amongst one year or younger children who were covered by health centers in Yazd city during 2011 to 2013 period. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted using control-test group method. All recorded cases of mortality for children in Yazd city during the first year of their life were included in statistical population, while for each case of mortality two cases of living children were examined as control group. The data were collected by direct visits on healthcare centers in the city and examining case files for children. Obtained data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software package. Results: 116 mortality cases were examined in total which included 41.4% boys and 58.6% girls. Some variables such as type of marriage between parents, mother and father’s education level, type of labor and number of previous pregnancies were significantly related to children’s mortality rate. Conclusion: suggest that paying specific attention to infants at the time of birth, improving knowledge level amongst mothers and families, providing standard level healthcare prior to pregnancy and after that, and also developing programs which aim for improving economic-social and cultural status amongst women and men would be effective on reducing children mortality rates.

47-54

Authors: Ali Fattahi Bafghi, Roya Anvari, Mohammad Hossein Anvari

Abstract: Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is Zoonoses among humans and animals with cosmopolitan distribution. Acquired form of the disease often has no symptoms or discomfort of swollen lymph nodes and associated Chorioretinitis. The congenital form of the disease is delivered via the placenta from mother to fetus. Congenital infection may cause abortion or damage to the central nervous system and eye disorders. The aim of this study was to determine toxoplasmosis Seroepidemiologyin serum of suspected patients referring to medical lab, in 2013. Materials & Methods: This study was cross- sectional. After physical examination, of the total cases 712 were diagnosed with suspected toxoplasmosis infection, and were referred for evaluation of serological diagnostic laboratories. Serum samples were collected from patients' in the laboratory using kits of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and Chorus Toxoplasma IgG, IgM antibodies were tested by ELISA method. Data on age, sex and time of the visit and laboratory test results were recorded in the Czech list, and then were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: From 712 sera tested, 649 (91.2%) were female while 63 ((8.8% were male. 171 (24.3%) of the antibody IgG and 25 ((3.5% in terms of IgM in serum were positive. In sex -wise distributed groups 159 female (93%)) and 12 male (7%) tested positive for IgG. and, 24 female (96%)) and 1 male (4%) were IgM positive. Most positive tests(9.5%) were observed in the group aged over 50 years. whereas The lowest percentage of positive tests were in the group with age less than 20 years (20%) and the highest was observed in patients above 60 years (8/47 percent). Conclusion: As a general conclusion, it can be stated that the frequency of specific IgM and IgG antibodies in toxoplasmosis, in the suspected-to-have toxoplasmosis and control groups were not statistically significant. Also, we can conclude that abortion is involved in the development of chronic toxoplasmosis.

65-73

Authors: Fatemeh Amiri, Mohammad Hasan Lotfi

Abstract Introduction: According to some studies in the western countries, %12.7 of total female cancers and %9.8 of all deaths resulted from cancers. And dead’s in females are due to genital system carcinoma. Materials & Methods: The present analytic cross sectional study was done on the cancer registry data of Yazd province for the evaluation of trend of genital carcinoma occurrence amongst females from 2006 to 2010. The trend of cancer incidence was calculated according to age, year of occurrence, family history, income, and job and residence place. Data was analyzed using student T-test and chi-square test. Results: Higher percentages of cancer were seen amongst age above 50 years, married women and householders. Majority of those had education level of primary (%40.5) and moderate income level (%49.6). The highest incidence rate was related to year 2010 (%30) and uterus cancers including body & endometrial was more common than others ( %42.7). The association between cancer incidence and age (p<.001) also disease occurrence and marital status (p=.03) were statistically significant. Cancers of uterus and cervix among subjects with age above 50 and cancer of ovary among females under 30 years was more common. Conclusion: our results showed that the incidence rate of genital carcinoma amongst Yazd females had an increasing trend from 2006 to 2010 and socio- economic factors had significant role in causing cancer. This is the same indicator coming from developing countries where community health is influencing from socio-economic and environmental changes.