Journal of community health research

1

Authors: Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush

No Abstract

8-14

Authors: Alireza Zirakrad, Seyed Jamalodin Hashemian, Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian

Abstract Introduction: Reverse osmosis (RO) is best known for its use in desalination (removing the salt from seawater to get fresh water), but since the early 1970s it has also been used to purify fresh water for medical, industrial, and domestic applications. The aim of this research was the performance study of reverse osmosis plants for water desalination in Bandar-Lengeh, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study the concentrations of a number of physical, chemical and biological quality parameters in raw and treated water of Bandar-Lengeh water Desalination Plants were determined and Performance of RO plants for seawater and costal groundwater desalination were studied. There are two desalination plants in Bandar-Lengeh. Water from these plants are used for municipal supply. Total production capacity of the two RO desalination plants is 8000 m3/d. Results: The results of this study showed average values of TDS, Sodium, Chloride and Sulfate in seawater were 37749 mg/l; 9715 mg/l; 22020 mg/l and 3067 mg/l and in treated water were 1233 mg/l; 436 mg/l; 710 mg/l and 58 mg/l, respectively. Also the results showed average values of TDS, Sodium, Chloride and Sulfate in coastal ground water were 37131 mg/l; 9303 mg/l; 21072 mg/l; 3745 mg/l; and in treated water were 687mg/l; 253 mg/l; 389 mg/l; 19 mg/l, respectively. Conclusion: The results showed the quality of feed water and pretreatment plays an extremely important role in operational problems such as fouling of RO systems. Keywords: Osmosis; Seawater; Plants; Fresh Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry

22-29

Authors: Nahid Mazloom Bafrooi, Ziba Loukzadeh , Sahar Pak, Zeinab Zangui

Abstract Introduction: Given the importance of spirituality and health as well as activities done by hospital personnel, the aim of present study is to evaluate the relationship between spirituality and general health and to assess some possible affecting factors such as demographic and work factors on these variables in hospital staff. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on hospital employees of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. First, 101 hospital staff were selected randomly by using multistage sampling. General Health, spiritual experience and demographic questionnaires as reported by the subjects themselves, were completed. Cut-off point of 23 was considered for general health, So that those, whose score were 23 or less, were considered as healthy individuals. Collected data were entered software SPSS (Ver.19) and then analyzed using Pearson correlation, t-test and ANOVA tests. Results: Mean and standard deviation of spirituality was 251.50 and 42.30 and for general health was 46.79 and 10.82, respectively. Spirituality and general health had a significant negative correlation (p-value=0.03). Spirituality was significantly higher in subjects who were single (p-value=0.04). Men (P-Value=0.01) and those older than 33 years (P-Value=0.001), had significantly better general health. General health significantly associated with service location (P-Value ≤ 0.0001). Conclusion: The study finding shows, increase in spirituality is associated with higher levels of general health. Given that the general health score in this study were higher than the cut-off 23, and physical and mental health of hospital staff is associated with their quality of service at work, so promotion of general health and spirituality in hospitals, which are responsible for public health, is essential. Keywords: Spirituality; Health; Health Personnel; Personnel, Hospital

39-49

Authors: Mansooreh Azzizadeh Forouzi , Mohamamadreza Baneshi, Sedigheh Iranmanesh

Abstract Introduction: Patient education is a key component for effective self-management and monitoring required with many acute and chronic conditions. The objective of the study was to develop an instrument to measure patient education content. Materials and Methods: First of all, literature searches were undertaken to determine current national and international patient education questionnaires. Then a forty five item questionnaire was developed. The questioner was filled by 396 patients of medical surgical wards of Kerman hospitals. Reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach's alpha. Factor analysis in conjunction with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to assess the construct validity of the instrument. Results: The result regarding reliability of the scale showed that The alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.95. Using PCA, a five-factor solution was selected as the most appropriate model, which accounted for nearly 70% of the total variance; disease information, disease complication, drug information, general information, and miscellaneous. Conclusion: Our new questionnaire demonstrates good psychometric properties. This tool helps patients to create a realistic picture of what to expect in the early recovery period at home. Keywords: Patient Education as Topic; Questionnaires; Consumer Health Information

59-69

Authors: Mohammad Afkhami Aqda , Mahmood Kamali Zarch, Nadereh Shokorawa

Abstract Introduction: Higher education system in each country is mainly responsible for training specialists and efficient personnel in different levels of government. This system has been affected by social damages, which one of the most important of these damages is drug addiction. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate effect of drug addiction in education from University Students' view points. Materials and Methods: The current descriptive analytic study has been conducted in community of Yazd University in academic year of 2010-2011. For this purpose, 406 students of this university were selected via stratified random sampling method who responded to a researcher-made questionnaire that its validity and reliability were confirmed utilizing psychometric standards. Regarding data description, frequency indexes, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were applied. Moreover, inferential tests of chi-square test and correlation coefficient of Pearson were utilized. Results: Approximately 21.9% of students suggested the drug abuse by their friend whose the rate of drug use was 25.9%. In addition 34.1% of subjects were announced that the most suitable place is their friend house. According to our results the main reason for using drugs were to reduce spiritual stress and their inability to say no in response to friends' suggestion. Our result also indicated that there is a significant negative relationship between the use of drug and educational process. In contrast, no significant relationship between demographic variables and use of addiction drugs was found. Conclusion: One of the most common social traumas associated with youth generation, specially college students, is addiction to narcotic drugs, that in addition to extensive economic loss, would jeopardize their physical and social health. One of the most important ways to prevent and control the drug use is recognizing its factors as well as the peripheral circumstances of this trauma. Moreover, investigating students’ view point regarding this issue is of great significance that has been regarded in the present study. Keywords: Education; Students; Substance-Related Disorders; Narcotics