Journal of Social Sciences

11-14

Authors: Valeri Modebadze

Abstract In the 1990s Central Asian republics experienced enormous economic problems because their economies were heavily dependent onRussia and could not function separately. The collapse of the Soviet Union meant also the collapse of the Central Asian economic systems. TheLeaders of former Soviet republics decided to carry out rapid economic and political reforms. They adopted economic policies which were knownas “shock therapy”. Shock therapy caused the emergence of many socio-economic problems, as well as the growth of unemployment and inflation. It also increasedsocial inequalityandthe gapbetween richandpoor. Withregardsto Turkmenistan,itstransition fromacentrally planned economyto a free market economy was a very slow process and the central government continued to play strong directive andprotective roles inthe economy. Much of the economy has not been exposed to market disciplines and remained under the firm control of central government. At first glance Turkmenistan seems a very attractive country for investors. It has immense amount of natural resources, especially oil andnatural gas. Each year scientists discover large deposits of natural gas and oil in Turkmenistan. It is the fourth - largest producer of natural gas inthe world. But, if one examines the country’s current socio-economic and political situation in details, he/she would discover that it is becomingincreasingly an “investor unfriendly” country. Turkmenistan is regarded as one of the most oppressive countries in the world. The country hasa long tradition of dictatorial rule which is a main obstacle to any kind of economic and political reforms. Turkmenistan has a largely state-runeconomy and the country’s economy is still based on the system of state ownership. Government still controls the vast majority of lucrative businessesand industrial assets. Theeconomy of Turkmenistanis still characterized by state control of investment. Keywords: corruption, economic reforms, foreign investment, investment climate

19-22

Authors: Tamta Tskitishvili

Abstract Ethnic conflict in South Ossetia still remains as one of the acute problems for Georgia. Despite numeral attempts of the conflictresolution August War of 2008 was not avoided. A big number of Georgian and foreign researchers work on the ways of conflictresolution with no significant success. In the article below will be analyzed one of the historical periods of the beginning of the 20thcentury when the first ethnic clashes between Georgians and ethnic Ossetians took place. The important factor of this period is thatthe soviet power was taking all efforts to conceal these facts as it was against its interest to have ethnic conflicts on its multiethnicand multicultural territory. After the collapse of the USSR Russia again helped to provoke the conflict as weakening of newly independentGeorgiawas in its interests. Keywords ethnic conflict, Georgia, Russia, South Ossetia

29-32

Authors: Oleksii Volodymyrovych Glazov

Abstract The article deals with the problem regarding the prevention of international terrorism, also the participation of government, and civil society in creation of security system, at the local and global levels, which corresponds to the challenges and threats of up-todateness,and also identifies the main aspects of our state in anti-terrorism activities field.

39-42

Authors: Zurab Chechelashvili

Abstract The article briefly examines the main legal issues regarding the grounds for termination of an obligation under the Georgianlaw. In addition to the performance of the obligation, the Civil Code of Georgia and the Georgian legal theory, on the basis of theGerman Civil Code and the German legal science provide other grounds for termination of the obligation, namely, novation, deposit,set-off, remission of debt, confusion, death of debtor or creditor and winding-up of a legal person, impossibility, frustration.

49-54

Authors: Roman TSYTSYK

Abstract The article deals with the fiscal sustainability problems as well as the author’s modern concept of fiscal sustainability for Ukraine. The author analyzes studies about fiscal sustainability determinants by various scholars. He also presents proved and arranged impacts on state fiscal sustainability in a short-term, medium-term and long-term periods. The article investigates features and effects of some determinants on fiscal sustainability in Ukraine, identifies prime and special ones. They include high exposure on revenues from non-renewable natural resources and remittances by individuals abroad that have great impact on fiscal sustainability of Ukraine.