Science almanac of Black sea region countries

5

Authors: I.P.Makeenko

The global situation, in which there is a mankind, reflects and expresses general crisis of a person consumer attitude to natural and social resources. At the end of the XX century mankind faced the problems from solving of which its future depends. These are so-called global difficulties including problems of war and peace, ecology, health care, energy resources. Their essence lies in the fact that, at first, they concern all countries independent from their social system and a level of development; secondly, they can be solved by efforts not of only one country, but at least, of the majority of the countries; thirdly, they are closely interconnected and therefore the solution of one of them, anyway, concerns also others.

5

Authors: M.A. Leonova, L.V. Getmantseva, A.Yu. Kolosov, V.N. Pristupa

The article presents the results of studies of the effect gene polymorphism pituitary transcription factor (POU1F1), kappa-casein gene (k-CSN) and prolactin gene (PRL) on milk production of cows of red steppe breed. Analysis of the genotypes was performed by PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism). Contains information describing how to conduct research and reagent kits for each of the genes studied. POU1F1 gene controls the transcription of genes PRL, TSH and GH, as well as the functioning of the breast. Mutations kappa-casein gene (k-CSN) affect the protein content in milk, cheese yield and cheese as well as on the coagulation properties of milk. All this makes the consideration of these three genes (POU1F1, k-CSN, PRL) as a promising candidate genes dairy cattle productivity. As a result of studies have shown the presence of two populations of allelic variants of each gene (A, B – POU1F1 / HinfI, A, B – k-CSN / HindIII and A, G – PRL / RsaI) and all three variants of genotypes. Animals genotype BB (POU1F1) characterized by the best milk yield per lactation (500.5 kg at (P <0,01) and 835.6 kg (P <0,001) compared with genotypes AB and BB, respectively), and genotype AB (POU1F1) was significantly associated with higher protein content. Genotype AB gene k-CSN provides higher performance milking (at 572.7 kg (P <0,05) compared with the AA genotype), whereas the effect of polymorphism of the gene for the protein and fat content in milk has not been established . PRL gene revealed that the animals AA genotype have better milk yield per lactation. Superiority over similar genotype AG amounted to 388.2 kg and above analogy with the GG genotype at 564.1 kg (P <0,05).

5

Authors: O.Yu. Kolosova

The modern ecological situation represents result of social and economic development of the world community directed to the material consumption which made minor spiritual aspects of life and the planned symptoms of spiritual crisis. The process of formation of ecological theology as special direction of religious thought is considered in the article. Its essence and manifestation in Orthodoxy, a place and a role in the modern nature protection movements and formation of ecological consciousness of the believing people comes to light.

6

Authors: V.N. Goncharov

Being the public phenomenon, the religion has quite certain social, gnoseological and psychological roots. The social reasons of its emergence are the objective factors of public life, connected with relation of people to the nature and among themselves (domination of nature forces, spontaneity of the public relations). The gnoseological reasons are connected with ability of a person to think in the abstract way, and, with aspiration to learn and explain surrounding phenomena. The psychological reasons are generated from negative emotions and experiences of a person, his dissatisfaction with a real situation and absence of opportunities to eliminate a source of the problems. Thereby, a person’s desire and attempt to escape from solving the complex problems of life and search for means of rescue in religion and belief are considered to be natural and clear.

8

Authors: I.M. Uznarodov

The article considers the end of the cold war and the role of the USSR in it. Attempts are being made to consider the final event of the process. It is analyzed political events such as the convening of the Conference on Security and coopoperation in Europe (CSCE), the meeting of the leaders of the United States and the Soviet Union in Malta in December 1989, negotiations on the reunification of Germany (1990), signed in 1990, the "Charter of Paris for a New Europe" in Paris. It notes the role of M.S. Gorbachev, its new policy on termination of confrontation of East and West. It is considered the political consequences of the Cold War for Russia and the West. It says about the losses suffered by Russia, trying to recreate the world, the obvious activation of the West in all regions of the world in order to promote and often impose their values there.