Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences

440-448

Authors: D.DalyaThamer Ahmad*

Objective: The aim of this study was toinvestigate the association between prior miscarriages and the risks of placental dysfunction disorders, including preeclampsia, stillbirth, birth of a small for gestational age (SGA) infant, placental abruption, and spontaneous preterm birth. Study Design: In a population-based cohort study including 72 primiparous women, we estimated risks of placental dysfunction disorders for women with 1 (n = 24 ), 2 (n = 20 ) and 3 or more (n = 18 ) self-reported prior miscarriages. Risks were calculated as odds ratios by unconditional logistic regression analysis and adjustments were made for maternal age, early pregnancy body mass index, smoking habits, years of formal education, in vitro fertilization, chronic hypertension, pregestational diabetes, hypothyroidism, systemic lupus erythematosis and fetal sex . Results: Compared with women with no prior miscarriage, women with 1 prior miscarriage had almost no increased risks. Women with 2 prior miscarriages had increased risks of spontaneous preterm birth, preterm (<37 weeks) SGA infant, and placental abruption. The rates of all disorders were higher for women with 3 or more prior miscarriages compared with women without prior miscarriages: preeclampsia, 50% vs 30%; stillbirth, 22.22 % vs 0%, SGA infant, 22.22 % vs 10 %, placental abruption, 27.78 % vs 10 %; and spontaneous preterm birth, 27.78 % vs 10 %. The adjusted odds ratios for preterm (<37 weeks) disorders in women with 3 prior miscarriages were approximately 3.4, neonatal death, 11.11 % vs 0%. Conclusion: History of 2 or more miscarriages is associated with an increased risk of placental dysfunction disorders and should be regarded as a risk factor in antenatal care.

453-468

Authors: Nagaraj B Malipatil*, Kiran M Haridas, Shruthi D Prithvi

Currently, all biologics in India, including innovative and bioequivalent biologics (also known as similar biologics in India), are approved as new drugs. Recently in 2012, the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) issued the “guidelines on similar biologics”. The guidance outlined an abridged procedure for the regulatory requirements for marketing authorization of similar biologics in India. Due to limited R&D capabilities, most domestic companies manufacture simple biologics. However, companies have increasingly begun to shift their focus to the development of both novel and copy versions of monoclonal antibodies and second-generation biologics, which though more expensive and complex to develop can be priced at a premium, and compete in a much less crowded market than that faced by firstgeneration biologics. A number of factors facilitate the development and uptake of Biosimilars in India. Poor patent enforcement in India provides opportunities for domestic biologics manufacturers, while publicprivate sector partnerships promote biologics development. Since there are less stringent regulatory requirements and low R&D costs, domestic biologics are priced much lower in India compared to originators, further driving uptake, as well as offering huge potential for contract manufacturing of biosimilars and for exports. Domestic companies are also entering into partnerships to facilitate development of biologics for the Indian and global market. However, despite the low price of Biosimilars compared to originator brands, the domestic market is restricted by limited health insurance coverage and therefore poor access to biologic drugs. Also, issues regarding the quality and safety of some domestically manufactured biologics remain a concern among patients and physicians.

475-479

Authors: Bharath Bhushan, Anju Bhushan, Elizabeth Moirangthem*, Nitin Sharma, Neha Bhargava, Tarun Sethi, Chiranjeev Saini

Peripheral ossifying fibroma is one of many localized reactive lesions occurring on the gingiva which includes focal fibrous hyperplasia, pyogenic granuloma andperipheral giant cell granuloma. It is a solitary overgrowth of the gingiva known to arise from the cells of the periodontal ligament. As lesions with similar clinical presentation makes it difficult to diagnose, it makes histo-pathological investigation essential to positively identify the lesion. The present case report highlights the diagnosis and management of peripheral ossifying fibroma in the anterior mandible region of a female child patient.

487-490

Authors: Ali Mihsen Hussein Al-Yassiri*, Karrar Abdul-ZahraaMahdi

Background: Autism is a Kind of disorders that lead to severely failure of ability to communications, interact or adhesionwith other child or person and maintain appropriate contact with the outside society or world. Autism is consist of a complex group of neurobiological disorders caused by defects in developments of child's brain; that usually last throughout a lifetime and are classified as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). These disorders are associated with hared routines and repetitive behaviors and communications. The aim of this study was to find, the type of communication betweenorofacial manifestations and autistic disorders. Materials and Methods: Children were selected from private specified centers for autistic disorders and special care in Hilla (Babylon) and Najaf cities of Iraq, by periodic visits. One hundred and twenty(120) subjects were incorporated in this study. All these Childs with age ranges (4.5-10.5) years, and were without any other systemic disease. All these patients were previously diagnosed by psychiatrists. Results: Prevalence of orofacial findings in child with autistic disorders (AD) were: Dental caries (71%), Dry mouth ( xerostomia) (51%), Bruxism (59 %), Delayed tooth eruption (47%), Bad oral hygiene ( 65%), dental traumatization ( 52%), Lip chelitis(44%). Conclusions: Oral health may compromise in children with autistic disorders. Oral manifestations of systemic diseases or communications abnormalities; can be found in different conditions. Oral health, may consider as a mirror of general health.

499-504

Authors: Midhun Moopil Mohanan, Moksha Nayak, Grishma Florence Noronha*, Jayanth Nambiar, Ramya M.K

This in-vitro study aimed to ascertain the mode of action of three desensitizing agents namely, Arginine-containing, Propolis-containing and Potassium Nitrate-containing dentifrices using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Materials and methods: Ninety dentin slices from non carious human premolar teeth were used for the study. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n=30), according to the type of dentifrice applied: Group I: Arginine-containing paste, Group II: Propolis-containing paste and Group III: Potassium nitrate –containing paste. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n=15) for the assessment by two different techniques: Subgroup A: Scanning electron microscopy examination and Subgroup B: Energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy examination. SEM was used to assess the tubule occlusion and the change in the diameter of the dentinal tubules. EDXS was used to characterize the elemental composition of the occlusive material. Analysis of agents, both prior to and after application on dentine discs was performed for comparative purposes. Statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Bonferroni post hoc test for multiple comparison. Results: The dentin discs treated with argininecontaining paste (93.220% by SEM) showed statistically (p<.001) highest mean percentage of occluded tubules followed by Potassium Nitrate–containing paste (34.777% by SEM) and Propolis-containing paste (13.580% by SEM). There was a strong evidence (p<.001) that group I(68%) was most effective in reducing the mean tubule diameter, while group II(47%) and III(44%) did not produce a significant reduction. The EDXS studies show that the dentin surface deposit and occluded tubule plugs contain high levels of calcium, phosphorus, fluorine, silica in group I and III treated specimens. Conclusion: The study presented shows successful dual action properties- tubule occlusion and nerve depolarization of arginine-containing paste and potassium nitrate-containing paste and partial tubule occluding property of propolis-containing paste as evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.

516-518

Authors: Satwant Kaur*, Harjinder Singh, Kumud Bala Gupta, Anupa Sood, Swaran Kaur

Objective: To find out the correlation between two modalities i.e. USG and DL used in diagnosis of chronic pelvic pain. Method: One hundred women with chronic pelvic pain attending Gynae OPD were included. They were examined clinically and subjected to USG and DL. Results: Among the 78 patients with abnormal findings on laparoscopy only 45 had positive USG findings. Though USG had a higher sensitivity for ovarian cysts, laparoscopy was more predictive for other positive findings. Conclusion: Diagnostic laparoscopy is more sensitive method for diagnosis of chronic pelvic pain.