International Dental Journal of Student Research

Number 4, 2016

Page No. 179-183
E-Cigarettes: Harmless substitute to conventional smoking or a devil in disguise?

Authors: Rafia Ejaz, Kaneez Aelia, Asma Fazal, Sidharth Kannan, Zeeshan Sheikh

Abstract

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Smoking tobacco through cigarette use kills around six million people each year worldwide and is one of the biggest public health threats the world has been facing. Electronic-cigarette (E-cigarette) use is marketed as being a healthier substitute to traditional cigarette smoking and is also used as a smoking cessation tool. It is commonly believed that e-cigarette use might be a harmless substitute to conventional smoking and has no long term debilitating side-effects. E-cigarettes were introduced in 2007 and they seem to be getting day by day and the prevalence of their use has rapidly increased. Awareness and trial use of e-cigarettes has almost doubled in most countries from 2008 to 2012. Since late 2013, there have been different varieties of e-cigarettes. Some are with nicotine, while others are nicotine-free. E-cigarettes are becoming an emerging public health concern as they gain popularity worldwide. The health concerns are due to the ingredients found in the e-cigarettes. FDA has reported that e-cigarettes may contain carcinogens and toxic chemicals, such as nitrosamines and diethylene glycol, which can cause harmful effects on humans. There is a need for more in-depth studies on not only the constitution of e-cigarette products, but also to ascertain whether these produce significant harmful health effects to their users in the short term or in the long run. Till then, the users need to be wary of the potential threat these e-cigarettes may pose.

Page No. 184-186
Beginner’s guide to botulinum toxin: a general review

Authors: Imon Pal, Bikramaditya Ghosh

Abstract

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Introduction: Botulinum toxin is the poisonous neurotoxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. Scientists have developed methods to use it for the betterment of mankind, utilizing its neurotoxic effects for the treatment of various disorders. Many diseases do not have complete or permanent treatment, in such cases the toxin can be used through “chemo denervation” (10) method to give temporary relief to the patient. Objective: The aim of the study is to review the general information of the botulinum toxin- its mechanism of action, uses, contraindication, effects etc. Study design: An extensive literature search was carried on and the articles were thoroughly studied. Results: Research and previous studies have shown that the neurotoxin gives positive results for the treatment of various disorders in both medical and dental field. Conclusion: Botulinum toxin indeed provides a justifiable alternative to other more invasive procedures and thus clinicians including dentists should encourage its use for treatment of various disorders. Further research will also be necessary for gaining more knowledge about the neurotoxin and its effects

Page No. 187-190
Response of lycopene in treatment of oral submucous fibrosis Ali Ammar Hassan, Asad Aizaz Chatha, Zohaib Ahmed, Saud Iqbal, Hassan Tariq Bhatti, Muhammad Sohail Page No. 187-190

Authors: Ali Ammar Hassan, Asad Aizaz Chatha, Zohaib Ahmed, Saud Iqbal, Hassan Tariq Bhatti, Muhammad Sohail

Abstract

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Introduction: Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF) is a well-known precancerous condition with malignant transformation rate as high as 7.6%. It results in marked rigidity of oral cavity and an eventual inability to open the mouth. Although OSF has a high rate of morbidity but no reliable treatment modality for its management has been developed yet. Objective: To determine the frequency of positive response of oral lycopene in the treatment of patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Methods:A descriptive case series of patients with OSF was conducted at our institution for a period of 6 months i.e.18-11-2014 to 18-05-2015 in the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, King Edward Medical University, Lahore. Data was collected by using non-probability sampling technique. After informed consent, all patients were prescribed lycopene 30 mg BD dose for a period of 6 months. Changes in mouth opening (IIO) was measured every month for each patient. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 20. Results: A total number of 100 cases were selected for this study. Mean age of the patients was 27.24±8.22 of which 53(53%) were male and 47(47%) were female cases. Positive response of lycopene was noted in 76(76%) of cases while 24(24%) did not respond to the treatment. No adverse effects reported during the treatment period as well as during follow-up. Conclusion: It is concluded that the lycopene can and should be used as a first line of treatment in the management of Oral Submucous fibrosis.

Page No. 191-194
Spatial evaluation of Mental Foramen among UAE locals attending UDHS using CBCT

Authors: Mohammed Hussain Al-Zainal, Shamim Faraghat, Hassan Abdulqader, Maryam Al-Emadi, Youssef Marquise, N

Abstract

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Aim: Mental foramen could be an area subjected to trauma due to surgery or implant placement in mental area. Our aim is to measure the different parameters of the mental foramina of males and females among UAE Nationals visiting the University Dental Hospital Sharjah to enhance our knowledge of the possible locations of the mental foramen in order to prevent iatrogenic injuries through periodontal and endodontic surgeries, local anesthesia and implant placement. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective study and samples included in the study were UAE nationals who already underwent a CBCT examination in the University Dental Hospital Sharjah in the period of 2010 till 2015. All samples were for nationals of the United Arab Emirates between the age of 18 and 65 whose CBCT scans shows the mental foramen area and the adjacent teeth (lower canines and first molars). Parameters measured in the mental foramen included height of foramen, width of foramen, shortest distance from foramen to adjacent tooth. Results: There was a statistically significant gender difference between the mean value of mental foramen height(3.77 mm±0.86 mm for males) and 3.10 mm ± 0.8mm for females) (P = 0.002).The shortest distance of the foramen to the adjacent tooth also showed statistically significant gender differences(4.68mm ± 3.23mm for males) and (4.71 mm±1.94 mm for females), f (p= 0.012). Conclusion: The height of the foramen and the distance of MF to the most adjacent tooth were greater in UAE males than in females. Discrepancy in the height of the foramen when dealing with different ethnicities should betaken into consideration. Clinical Significance: MF is an important anatomical landmark for dental surgeons performing periapical surgery in the mental region such as endodontic and periodontal procedures. In order to avoid any nerve damage during oral surgery, MF location should be identified while keeping in mind the possibility of an anterior loop of the mental nerve being present mesial to the mental foramen. This should also be noted whilst performing surgery for implant placement.

Page No. 195-201
An AFM evaluation of the effect of 37.5% hydrogen peroxide on sealed and unsealed aged composite materials

Authors: Mahdisiar F, Nasoohi N, Hoorizad M, Mirhashemi M, Zavareian S

Abstract

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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of sealed and unsealed composite resins bleached with 37.5% hydrogen peroxide. Materials and Methods: Eight discs, 9 mm in diameter and one mm in thickness, were prepared from two shades (A1) of two composite resins, i.e. Filtek Z250 and Filtek Z350 XT. The specimens were polished and subjected to accelerated aging before bleaching. Half of the surface of each specimen was sealed with BisCover LV. Surface roughness was determined using Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) software before and after bleaching; 37.5% hydrogen peroxide was applied to the specimens for bleaching, and surface roughness was measured with AFM software. Surface roughness was evaluated by three parameters, i.e. roughness profile (Ra), height of the profile (Rz), and width of the profile (Rq). Data were statistically analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA and t-test. Results: The arithmetical mean deviation of the Ra parameter of the specimens did not change significantly after bleaching with 37.5% hydrogen peroxide (P=.450). The mean Rq of the sealed specimens changed significantly after bleaching with 37.5% hydrogen peroxide (P=.002), and the maximum Rz parameter of the sealed and unsealed Filtek Z250 specimens, treated with 37.5% hydrogen peroxide, was significant (P<.005). Conclusions: Bleaching with 37.5% hydrogen peroxide had no significant effect on the nanofilled composite resin (Filtek Z350) and significantly decreased the surface roughness of unsealed Filtek Z250 in Rz parameters. In addition, bleaching of the sealed composite resin with 37.5% hydrogen peroxide resulted in an increase in the Rq parameter and a decrease in the Rz parameter. After bleaching, the sealed composite resin had the least surface roughness.

Page No. 202-206
Early management of class III malocclusion with bonded maxillary expansion and facemask therapy - A case report

Authors: Aby Abraham, Elbe Peter, Koshi Philip, Mukundan V, Jinu George, R. Sreevatsan

Abstract

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Number of views: 440

A case report of a 10 year old pre-pubertal girl with skeletal class III malocclusion, anterior cross bite and concave profile. Patient was treated for a period of six months with rapid maxillary expansion and facemask. Significant improvements were obtained in facial profile and anterior cross bite correction was achieved.

Page No. 207-212
A Simplified approach for management of flabby ridges – A case report

Authors: Ravikanth Anne, Prakash Manne, Gopinadh Anne, Suresh Babu Muvva, Sampath Anche, Phani Krishna G

Abstract

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Number of views: 913

The quality of the prosthesis is best weighed by its virtue of preserving the remaining tissues. In spite of delivering a good prosthesis, poor maintenance and inadequate tissue rest and lack of patient co-operation to attend the recall visits can cause extensive damage over time. The current article describes a case report entailing the sequale of denture wearing. One such sequale is replacement of alveolar bone by hyperplastic soft tissues(1) termed as ‘flabby’ ridge. It is a tissue adaptation to overcome the changes caused by residual ridge resorption in providing adequate support which relining procedures would otherwise do. Hence, a prosthesis should be modified according to the changing oral environment. The hyperplastic soft tissues fail to provide adequate support rendering the prosthesis progressively unstable.