International Dental Journal of Student Research

16-24

Authors: Trupti Sarda, Surekha Rathod

As soon as oxygen was used as the terminal electron acceptor in aerobic respiration, then came the curse in the form of reactive oxygen species (ROS). So as to overcome this problem the evolving organism had developed elaborate defence machinery to escape from these reactive by-products of its own metabolism, and also developed a mechanism by which there is utilization of these species in physiological processes to gain a survival advantage. Thus it can be said that reactive oxygen species (ROS) exert a multitude of biological effects that ranges from physiological regulatory functions to damaging alterations participating in the pathogenesis of number of diseases. Periodontitis, an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth, is initiated and perpetuated by a small group of predominantly gram-negative, anaerobic or microaerophilic bacteria that colonize the subgingival area. These bacterial species result in the production of various cytokines including interleukin‑8 and TNF‑α, further causing an increase in number and activity of polymorphonucleocytes (PMN) along with these cytokines, PMNs also produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide via the respiratory burst mechanism as the part of the defence response to infection. ROS, when produced in excess, have deleterious effects on tissue cells. Human body has its own defence mechanisms to eliminate them as soon as they are formed so as to counter the harmful effects.

32-34

Authors: Mohammed Nasser Alhajj

IDJSR is one of the unique and advanced international journals solely made by and for dental students whose role in the dental profession is now being brought to greater heights. Please note that IDJSR is ONLY for dental students (undergraduate/postgraduate) and it provides a platform for the dental students to publish their scientific articles as well as read specialized articles written by their counterparts from other parts of the globe. The International Dental Journal of Students' Research (IDJSR) is an online interactive open-access journal for the communication of all peer-reviewed scientific and dental research. It Provides Open-access—freely accessible online, authors retain copyright Fast publication times Peer review by expert, practicing researchers. We have an acclaimed REVIEWER'S PANEL for reviewing all the articles and suggesting the necessary corrections before any article is up for publishing. The International Dental Journal of Students’ Research (IDJSR) applies the Creative Commons Attribution License (CCAL) to all works we publish. Under the CCAL, authors retain ownership of the copyright for their article, but they allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy articles from the IDJSR journal, as long as the original authors and sources are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. Articles based on dental science and technology, dental education and ethics, are considered for publication in IDJSR, however the acceptance and rejection criteria are subject to modification. To submit an article or to discuss an article that you are working on, feel free to contact the members of the editorial board at editor.idjsr@gmail.com. Before submission of an article, please go through the GUIDELINES FOR THE AUTHOR. The frequency of the journal is quarterly per annum which is sufficient for an author to get his work published even after the delay at the editor’s desk and in the reviewing processes along with interaction with the Reviewer's Panel. The International Dental Journal of Students’ Research (IDJSR) is a non-profit organization of young scientists and budding dentists committed to making the world's scientific and medical literature a freely available public resource.

40-44

Authors: Rahul N Dahake, S.R. Shenoi, Pranav Ingole, Nilima Budhraja

In the modern day’s Oral and Maxillofacial surgical practice different esthetic and surgical procedures are carried out, with increased risk of infective complications. Hence, infection control practices need to be established to minimize the risk of exogenous infections and for the successful outcome of the procedures. These practices include hand washing, cleaning, sterilization, disinfection, operation theater sterilization and specifications. Proper hand washing after examination of each patient and prior to any surgery with a formulation containing alcohol alone or as a combination with other agents reduces the chances of transferring infections to and from patients. Sterilization and disinfection constitute the most important aspect of infection control. Proper knowledge of the operation theater decorum and disinfection of Operation theater is essential. The waste generated during practice is a potential source of nosocomial infections and should be treated as per the proper protocol and guidelines. This article reviews the minimum standards and practices that need to be established and followed during surgical procedures and to understand the basic protocols in Operation theater and learn the clinical application of these protocols for reduction of the postoperative complications. Surgeries conducted with adequate protocols and checklists have resulted in reduction of postoperative events and complications.

49-52

Authors: Ahmad Al Nashar, Hekmat Yakoob, Yazen T Dhafer, Bashar Ahmad

Orthodontic autotransplantion can be defined as the placement of a tooth or tooth germ, with or without vitality, in a natural alveolus corresponding to another tooth, or in an artificially created alveolus for this end. Careful patient selection coupled with the selection of appropriate techniques are prerequisite for a good functional treatment and proper esthetic outcome. The purpose of this article was to report a case of a seventeen years old female patient who has undergone tooth autotransplantation, in which the patient was operated by replacing a non-restorable left mandibular first molar on the same side with that of lower third molar germ without its follicle from.