International Journal of Research and Review

10-20

Authors: Caesar K. Simpson

In light of the recent financial crisis, which seems to be far from its end, too much has been said regarding the regulation of the financial sectors. This paper therefore discussed the banking regulatory and market framework in the United Kingdom (UK). The paper finds out that until 31 March 2013, the financial services industry in the UK was regulated by the Financial Services Authority (FSA). It was responsible for both conduct and prudential regulation. In 2012, following consultation, the government confirmed its decision to reform financial regulation, in part because in its view the remit of the FSA was so wide before the 2008 crisis that it was not sufficiently focused on financial stability issues. In view of this, the UK financial regulation was overhauled; the UK's banking regulator, FSA, has been abolished and replaced with two successor organisations: Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) and Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) with effect from 1 April 2013. Both regulators undertake broadly similar regulatory functions, in pursuit of different objectives. The Bank of England has also gained direct supervision for the whole of the banking system through its powerful Financial Policy Committee (FPC), which can instruct the two new regulators. The FPC is also responsible for macro-prudential regulation.

31-41

Authors: Caesar K. Simpson

This paper investigates whether Basel III was necessary and whether it will brings about prudent risk management in banking. The result shows that Basel III was necessary, especially the proposals that had some very useful elements, as the leverage ratio, the capital buffer and the proposal which deals with pro-cyclicality through dynamic provisioning based on expected losses. Particularly, Basel III corresponded to the need for stability coming from the global crisis, raising minimum capital requirements and ensuring that other instruments that count as regulatory capital will genuinely be available wherever that is demanded. The Basel III offers the proper financial background to restore the financial health of banks so that they will willingly and actively deal with one another improving the general financial system. The result also illustrates that Basel III will brings about prudent risk management in banking. Basel III embraces several approaches to improve risk management practices at banks, including increased use of stress tests, more sophisticated models to account for various risks and greater emphasis on the cyclical nature of banking. All these proposals impact the Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP), strengthen internal risk governance, and cement the role of risk management in senior management with the increased independence of the Chief Risk Officer (CRO).

46-49

Authors: Sunil Jayant Kulkarni

Purification of gases in the chemical industries is ever evolving field in terms of clean technology and cost effectiveness. The flue gases need to be treated for removal of particulate matter (PM), gases like oxides of sulfur, carbon and metals. This can be done by adsorption, bag filters, cyclones (PM), absorption etc. Adsorption is also very effective for this treatment. Also adsorption finds application of cleaning air for instrumentation and process applications. The regeneration of adsorbents and recovery of valuable gases is an important aspect of the adsorptive separation. Temperature and pressure swing (TSA and PSA) adsorption uses change in temperature and pressure respectively for regeneration. Current review summarizes research and studies on PSA, as it is widely used technique.

57-61

Authors: Sunita Meena, Jeetam Singh Meena, Vinay Joshi

Background: Beta- receptor blocking drugs are now increasingly used in treatment of hypertension. This prospective, randomized study aimed to compare the magnitude and severity of haemodynamic changes after subarachnoid block (with hyperbaric bupivacaine) between normotensive and controlled hypertensive patients on beta blocker therapy. Materials and Methods: In the study included total 80 patients underwent for infra umbilical surgery in subarachnoid block. The patients were divided in two groups (40 in each group): Patients controlled hypertensive on beta blocker and normotensive without any medication. After fluid preloading, spinal anaesthesia was performed with hyperbaric bupivacaine (0.5%) 3 ml (15 mg). Demographic characteristics and haemodynamic changes, requirement of vasopressor & other side effects were compared. Systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean blood pressures (MBP) and heart rate (HR) were also compared before and after spinal anaesthesia. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups with demographical and characteristics of spinal anaesthesia (onset, height of sensory analgesia, degree of motor blockade). In controlled hypertensive patients group incidence and magnitude of hypotension, bradycardia, requirement of vasopressor, major side effects nausea & vomiting were higher than as compared to hypertensive group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Chronic beta blocker therapy for treatment of hypertension or IHD might be responsible for greater magnitude of fall in SBP, DBP, MAP associated spinal subarachnoid block and also required repeated and higher doses of vasopressors.