International Journal of Research and Review

6-11

Authors: Arpita Samanta, Bidyut Bandyopadhyay, Nirmalendu Das

Drug delivery mention to approaches, formulations, technologies, and systems for deporting pharmaceuticals in the body by maintaining safety concern with therapeutic achievements. Drug delivery necessitates targeting site in the body, and makes the clear way for systemic pharmacokinetics. It is commonly troubled with the quantity and persistence time of drug in the system. Drug delivery is frequently accomplished through chemical formulation of drug alone, but also involves in drug vehicle combination products. Drug delivery is an idea where much emphasis should be given to dosage and route of delivery. It is important to explore the viability of the systems by scaling up from the laboratory to the production scale.

16-19

Authors: Ajay Kumar Das, Naved Ahmad, Akash Gupta

Introduction: Hyperprolactinemia is one of the most rampant endocrine disorders in hypothalamic- pituitary axis. Hypothyroidism refers to state that results in a deficiency of thyroid hormones, including hypothalamic or pituitary disease and generalized tissue resistant to thyroid hormone. Thyroid releasing hormone can causes rise in serum prolactin levels in patients of primary hypothyroidism. Methods: A total of 170 patients presenting to endocrinology clinic for various thyroid related problems were selected. Serum T3, T4, TSH and Prolactin were analyzed by using Benesphera enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit from Avantor, on Lablife ER2007 elisa reader from Diagnova India. Results: Prolactin level is high in the subclinical hypothyroid patients and hypothyroid patients as compared to euthyroid patients. Conclusion: Hyperprolactinemia was an important feature in patients with newly diagnosed hypothyroid and subclinical hypothyroid patients.

26-35

Authors: Kevin C. Diwe, Chukwuma B. Duru, Chinyere M. Aguocha, Kenechi A. Uwakwe, Irene A. Merenu, Chima O. Emerole, Anthony C. Iwu

Introduction: Intimate partner violence or abuse (IPV) includes an ongoing pattern of behavior, attitudes, and beliefs in which a partner in an intimate relationship attempts to maintain power and control over the other through the use of psychological, physical and/or sexual coercion. Aim: This study was carried out to assess the prevalence, pattern and determinants of intimate partner abuse among single females in tertiary institutions in Imo State, Nigeria. Methodology: The study design was a cross sectional descriptive study carried out among 422 participants from two tertiary institutions in the State who were selected through a multistage sampling technique. Information about IPV was collected using a pretested, semi structured, and interviewer administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed using a computer software package, EPI INFO version 7.1.3. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 23±4.4 years with majority of them, (94.8%) being aware of IPV. The commonest form of abuse suffered by respondents was physical abuse (31.1%), while the least was verbal abuse (18.6%). Majority of them were still in an intimate relationship (90.0%) in the last 3months proceeding this study and the proportion of them in recent relationship currently experiencing any form of abuse was 41.4%. Factors found to significantly influence the occurrence of current IPV in a relationship were; age of respondent, (p<0.0001), Religion attended, (p<0.0001), place of residence, (p<0.0001), year of study, (p<0.01), type of accommodation, (p<0.01), and main source of sponsorship, (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Prevalence of IPV among the study population was high so there is need to draw the attention of students, lecturers and policy makers on partner abuse with the possibility of emphasizing IPV in school curriculum.

39-42

Authors: Ankita Goel, Parul Jain, Vissa Shanthi, Syam Sundar Byna

Myelolipoma is an uncommon asymptomatic, small, non-functional benign tumor composed of mature adipose tissue & hematopoietic elements and is most commonly found in the adrenal gland. We report a case of adrenal tumor in 53 year old male, which was discovered incidentally by computed tomographic imaging technique followed by surgical excision because of large size. The definite diagnosis of myelolipoma was suggested only by histopathological examination because of unique microscopic features.

47-55

Authors: Mrunal Ghag - Sawant, Nakul Shah, Sreejith Nair, Abhay Chowdhary

Snakebites represent a public health hazard that leads to high morbidity and mortality in the Indian subcontinent. The common poisonous snakes found in India are Cobra (Naja naja), Krait (Bungarus Caeruleus), Russell’s viper (Daboia russelli) and Saw Scaled Viper (Echis Carinatus). Antivenom immunotherapy is the only specific treatment against snake venom envenomation. The use of plants against the effects of snakes bite has been long recognized; more scientific attention has been given since last 20 years. Methanolic extracts of Acorus calamus and Ethanolic extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis were tested for their activity on pharmacological effects like Caseinolytic activity and Procoagulation activity exhibited by the Viperid venoms. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis extracts showed a significant inhibitory effect in both assays whereas Acorus calamus showed a significant effect only in the Caseinolytic assay. The present finding suggests that extracts of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (leaves) and Acorus calamus (roots) possess compounds which inhibit the effect of the enzymatic components present in the venom of the Viperidae family. Further investigations are needed for identification and purification of the active components involved in the neutralization of the viper venom.

59-62

Authors: Sunil J. Kulkarni

Cost effective technology with compact equipment size is always advantage in process selection. The available technologies can be modified to make them more and more cost effective. Process intensification is one such field which aims at increasing effectiveness of processes in terms of cost, space, efficiency and conversion. Coupling of two unit operations or processes can exhibit excellent results in some processes. Combination of membrane separation with reaction is found to be very effective in many applications. The membrane bioreactors find application in dehydrogenation, hydrolysis and enzyme catalyzed reactions. Current review summarizes studies and research on membrane reactors and membrane bioreactors (MBRs).

66-67

Authors: Vishnukanth Govindaraj

Finger in Glove Sign detected on chest radiograph and CT scan is due to mucoid impactions in large air ways. They are usually visualized as tubular opacities and may occur in congenital conditions like bronchial atresia, cystic fibrosis and also in acquired diseases like ABPA, bronchiectasis, foreign bodies, tumors, bronchial asthma and tuberculosis. Mucoid impaction should be differentiated from other disease processes like Arteriovenous malformations which can be excluded from doing a contrast study. In patients with smoking history, a bronchoscopy is advised to rule out malignancy